基于蜻蜓膜翅结构的飞机加强框的仿生设计  

Bionic Design of Aircraft Reinforced Frame Based on Structure of Dragonfly Wing

作　　者：马建峰[1] 陈五一[1] 赵岭[1] 赵大海[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [2]沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳110035

出　　处：《航空学报》2009年第3期562-569,共8页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50575008);航空科学基金(05B01004)

摘　　要：由于机动性和能耗的要求,飞机设计过程当中轻量化设计是十分重要的。经过亿万年的进化,在承受自身重量及生长环境的载荷过程中,生物体获得了适应环境的最优结构。通过分析蜻蜓膜翅和飞机机身加强框的结构相似性,提取决定蜻蜓膜翅结构优良力学性能的结构特征,将其应用到飞机机身加强框的设计当中,并用有限元工具验证了结构的优化效果。在同样的承载条件下,仿生型结构的比刚度比原型结构提高了2%-6%,比强度提高了1%-8%。同时,仿生型结构的最大应力减小,而最小应力明显增大,因此其应力分布更加均匀,从而体现了仿生结构件材料的优化分布和最大效能。Design for light weight is very important in overall aircraft design because of the need for aircraft mobility and low energy consumption. In nature, after the evolution of hundreds of millions years, the organism obtains the optimal structure to adapt to the living environment based on the effect of gravity and environmental load. After an analysis of the load similarity between an aircraft reinforced frame and a dragonfly wing, some feature structures, which influence the mechanical proprieties of the dragonfly wing, are extracted for use in the design of the aircraft reinforced frame. Meanwhile, the finite element analysis （FEA） tool is used to verify the optimization effect. It is found that, compared with the conventional structure, bionic structures can increase specific stiffness by 2%-6% and specific strength by 1%-8%. The maximum stress decreases while the minimum stress increases, which indicates that the bionic structures result in more uniform stress distribution. Therefore, the study suggests that the bionic structures obtain optimal distribution of material and maximum structural efficiency.

关 键 词：蜻蜓膜翅 加强框 结构仿生 轻量化结构 比刚度 比强度 应力均匀 

分 类 号：TB17[生物学—生物工程] V214.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]