一株黑曲霉对磷矿石的风化作用  

EFFECT OF A STRAIN OF Aspergillus Niger ON WEATHERING OF PHOSPHORITE

作　　者：谌书[1,2] 刘丛强[2] 连宾[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化省部共建教育部重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《矿物学报》2009年第1期103-108,共6页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2006CB403200);中科院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3-SW-140)

摘　　要：以一株分离于植物根际土壤且有较强溶磷能力的真菌研究其对磷矿石的风化作用。对该菌株的ITS序列进行PCR扩增及序列测定后,再结合该菌株的形态特征对其进行鉴定,结果为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。用ICP-OES测定培养液中的Ca2+浓度,磷钼比色法测定可溶性磷的含量,电子探针、透射电镜和能谱仪分析菌株作用后的残留物。培养液中的Ca2+浓度由第3天的10.02mg/L增加到第30天的217.61mg/L,可溶性磷的浓度由第3天的5.37mg/L增加到第30天的921.37mg/L;风化过程中形成了大量的次生矿物草酸钙,大分子有机物形成的生物膜以及菌丝体穿插破坏矿物颗粒促进磷矿石的风化。表明该菌株对磷矿石有较强的风化能力,黑曲霉生长产生的生物物理破坏作用和胞外分泌物的生化降解作用是引起磷矿石风化的主要因素。The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a phosphate-solubilizing fungus isolated from the rhizosphere of plant on the weathering of phosphorite rock. The fungal ITS sequence was amplified by the PCR method with general primers of ITS5 and ITS4, and sequenced. The fungus was identified by the methods of identifying morphologic features and comparing ITS sequences in Genbank. The fungus was Aspergillus niger. The supernatant liquid collected at different incubation periods was determined for the concentrations of Ca^2＋ by ICP-OES, the concentrations of soluble phosphorus by the molybdenum phosphorus colorimetric method. The residues were micromorphologically analyzed by electron probe and TEM. The result indicated the concentrations of Ca^2＋ in the supernatant liquid rose from 10.02 mg/L on the third day to 217.61 mg/L on the 30th day, and the amount of the soluble phosphorus increased from 5.37 mg/L on the third day to 921.37 mg/L on the 30th d. During weathering, many secondary-minerals such as calcium oxalate were produced, biofilm was formed by macromolecular metabolites and fungal mycelium eroded minerals, thus accelerating weathering. The fungal mycelium eroded minerals and accelerated weathering. Based on experimental results, it is concluded that it had a stronger effect on the weathering to phosphorite rock, and the mechanical breakage of the mycelium growth and bio-degradation of extra cellular macromolecules are the main reasons for mineral bio-weathering.

关 键 词：溶磷真菌 磷矿石 风化作用 鉴定 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学] Q939.9[天文地球—地质学]