北京市夏季二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算  

Estimate of the Formation Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosol in Beijing Summertime

作　　者：吕子峰[1] 郝吉明[1] 段菁春[2] 李俊华[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第4期969-975,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20637001);日本丰田汽车公司国际合作项目

摘　　要：基于北京市夏季高臭氧事件期间挥发性有机物(VOC)的监测数据,利用气溶胶生成系数(FAC)对北京市夏季二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的生成潜势进行了估算.估算方法结合了北京市的实际情况,并考虑了苯和异戊二烯是SOA前体物.结果表明,检测到的70种VOC中有31种是SOA前体物,可产生8.48μg/m3的SOA,占细粒子(PM2.5)有机组分的30%.甲苯、二甲苯、蒎烯、乙苯和正十一烷是对SOA生成贡献最大的5个物种,分别占SOA生成量的20%、22%、14%、9%和4%.由人为源排放的芳香烃是北京市SOA最主要的来源,占SOA生成潜势的76%.天然源排放的烯烃对SOA的贡献占16%,烷烃(7%)和羰基化合物(1%)的贡献较小.SOA的主要成分是含苯环的产物、脂肪族酸、羰基化合物和脂肪族硝酸酯,分别占72%、14%、11%和3%.具有高SOA生成潜势的物种的环境浓度和臭氧生成潜势都较低,因此在VOC控制政策的制定上要综合考虑VOC的环境浓度、臭氧生成潜势和SOA生成潜势.Fractional aerosol coefficients （FAC） are used in conjunction with measurements of volatile organic compounds （VOC） during ozone episodes to estimate the formation potential of secondary organic aerosols （SOA） in the summertime of Beijing. The estimation is based on the actual atmospheric conditions of Beijing, and benzene and isoprene are considered as the precursors of SOA. The results show that 31 out of 70 measured VOC species are SOA precursors, and the total potential SOA formation is predicted to be 8.48 μg/m^3 , which accounts for 30% of fine organic particle matter. Toluene, xylene, pinene, ethylbenzene and n-undecane are the 5 largest contributors to SOA production and account for 20%, 22%, 14%, 9% and 4% of total SOA production, respectively. The anthropogenic aromatic compounds, which yield 76% of the calculated SOA, are the major source of SOA. The biogenic alkenes, alkanes and carbonyls produce 16%, 7% and 1% of SOA formation, respectively. The major components of produced SOA are expected to be aromatic compounds, aliphatic acids, carbonyls and aliphatic nitrates, which contribute to 72%, 14%, 11% and 3% of SOA mass, respectively. The SOA precursors have relatively low atmospheric concentrations and low ozone formation potential. Hence, SOA formation potential of VOC species, in addition to their atmospheric concentrations and ozone formation potential, should be considered in policy making process of VOCs control.

关 键 词：有机气溶胶 气溶胶生成系数 挥发性有机物 芳香烃 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]