压水堆核电站放射性废液水泥固化技术分析  

Aanalysis of Cementation Technology for Liquid Radioactive-Waste in PWR NPPs

作　　者：陈良[1] 陈莉[2] 李均华[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏核电有限公司,江苏连云港220042 [2]中国核动力研究设计院,成都610042

出　　处：《核动力工程》2009年第2期113-116,123,共5页Nuclear Power Engineering

摘　　要：目前,除台湾地区外,国内的所有压水堆核电站都采用水泥固化技术处理放射性废液及其他湿废物。用钢桶作为包装容器与使用混凝土桶作包装容器相比较,可以使最终废物的体积减少50%以上,且钢桶的制造成本及运输成本都比混凝土桶低得多,但对于放射性水平较高的废物需要增设附加屏蔽。选择合适的搅拌桨在桶内混合-固化废液,可以提高废物装桶率;桶外搅拌装置将不可避免地产生二次废物。用小车作为废物桶的运输工具,可以使运输设备及地面的去污更加容易,且小车的制造成本和维修成本也比传统的辊道低得多。合理选择废液的固化配方,尽量避免加入其他物质,可提高废物的包容率。Cementation is one of the most pupular solidifacation technology for the low-and- intermediate levele liquid radioactive waste. It has been applied in all of domestic PWR NPPs. The process characteristics and operation of the cementations in the different NPPs are introduced, and the advantage and disavantage of the cementation are analyzed in this paper. A drum and a cask are compared as a package of the solidified waste,the drum can decrease over 50% final volume of the waste,furthermore the cost for manufacture and transportation for this drum is more cheaper than the cask, but an additional shielding may be necessary for the waste with higher level radioactivity that is packed in drum. More waste can be contained if an appropriate in-drum mixer is used while secondary waste will be unavoidable if the out-drum mixing is adopted. A carriage can make it easier to decontaminate on the surface of equipment and on the floor, furthermore the carriage is more economical than a roller conveyor in manufacture and maintainace. The cementation recipe for the waste should be optimized and additive material should be as less as possible to increase the containing rate of the waste.

关 键 词：放射性废液 水泥固化 工艺特点 桶内混合 配方 

分 类 号：TL941.111[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]