能量水平及来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情表现的影响  

Effects of Levels and Sources of Energy on Body Composition, Age of Puberty and Estrous Symptom in Replacement Gilts

作　　者：周平[1] 吴德[1] 周东胜[1] 谭现义[1] 王延忠[1] 罗晓容[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,动物营养与饲料工程四川省重点开放实验室,雅安625014

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2009年第2期123-129,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：教育部创新团队计划(IRT0555);国家自然科学基金(30471257)

摘　　要：本文旨在研究不同能量水平和来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情表现的影响。选用(147±3)日龄、平均体重(59.0±4.2)kg的长白×大白(LY)杂交母猪54头,随机分成6个处理,每个处理9个重复,每个重复1头猪。采用3×2双因子试验设计,设3个能量水平,中能量水平参照NRC(1998)推荐量,低、高能量水平在此基础上减少和增加12.5%,每个能量水平下设2个能量来源,淀粉组和油脂组。母猪于第2情期的第19天屠宰。结果表明,高能组背膘厚、体脂含量、瘦肉含量和脂肪/瘦肉显著高于低能组(P<0.05),淀粉组与脂肪组间差异不显著(P>0.05);发情率随能量水平增加而提高;各能量水平组间初情日龄差异不显著(P>0.05),而脂肪组初情期日龄比淀粉组提前12 d左右(P<0.05)。体成分分析发现,背膘厚,体脂含量与发情率之间存在极显著正相关关系(R^2分别为0.998和0.952,P<0.01),发情母猪背膘厚,体脂含量极显著高于乏情母猪(P<0.01)。由以上结果可知,后备母猪饲喂高能量并添加脂肪的日粮有利于促进后备母猪初情期启动及发情表现;后备母猪的背膘厚、体脂含量与发情率密切相关。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of levels and sources of dietary energy on body composition, age of puberty and estrous symptom in replacement gilts. Fifty-four Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred gilts with an average initial body weight of （59.0± 4.2） kg at （147 ± 3） days of age were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 9 replicates in each group and 1 gilt in each replicate. Using a 3 × 2 factorial design, three energy levels which were 87.5%, 100% and 112.5% of energy requirement recommended by NRC （1998） were used as experimental treatments, respectively. In each treatment, starch and fat were used as two different energy sources, respectively. Gilts were slaughtered on day 19 of the second estrous cycle. The results showed that gilts in high energy group had higher back fat thickness, lipid content, lean content and lipid/lean compared with those in the other two groups （P〈0.05）. However, these indices were not significantly different between starch group and fat group （P〉0.05）. The estrus rate of gilts was increased with the increase of energy level. The age of puberty did not significantly differ among groups with different energy levels （P〉0.05）, and the age of puberty of gilts in fat group was 21 days earlier than that in starch group （P〈0.05）. Positive correlations were found between back fat thickness or lipids content and the estrus rate of gilts （R^2 = 0. 998, 0. 952, P〈0.01）. Back fat thickness and lipids content of estrous gilts were higher compared with those of anestrous gilts （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that gilts fed diets containing higher energy level and fat had a better body condition, which stimulated the puberty and estrous symptom in gilts. Meanwhile, back fat thickness and lipid content were correlated with estrus ratio in gilts.

关 键 词：后备母猪 能量 体成分 初情日龄 发情表现 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S828.3[农业科学—畜牧兽医]