谓词性成分的封闭性与“差不多”和“差一点”的语义阐释  

The Closedness of Predicates and the Semantic Interpretation of Chàbuduō and Chàyidiǎnr

作　　者：张庆文[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港理工大学中文及双语学系

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2009年第2期160-176,共17页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：本文从句法和语义方面对“差不多”和“差一点”进行了全面比较。就句法分布而言，与“差不多”共现的几乎可以是所有词类，而与“差一点”共现的成分只局限于谓词性成分和小句。在语义限制方面，1）“差不多”和“差一点”都要求封闭性成分与它们共现，不同之处在于“差不多”要求这个封闭性成分必须有一个明确的上界，而对“差一点”来说这个封闭性成分具有上界或下界皆可；2）“差不多”要求在实际状况和参照点之间有一个区间，而“差一点”则没有这样的要求；3）“差不多”是一个限制性修饰语，而“差一点”是一个副限制性修饰语。两者的差异是由于它们修饰对象的不同造成的。This paper is a comparative study of Chàbuduō（差不多） and Chàyidiǎnr（ 差一点） from syntactic and semantic perspectives. Syntactically speaking, what can co-occur with Chàbuduō includes nominal and verbal domains while those with Chàyidiǎnr are limited to verbal elements and clauses. Semantically, three constraints are observed： 1 ） Both of them co-occur with closed elements, specifically, Chàbuduō requires a closed element that has a clearly defined upper bound while Chàyidiǎnr permits one co-occurring with it to have either an upper or lower bound; 2） For Chàbuduō , an interval is obligatory between the objective situation and the reference point, while no such constraint is observed for Chàyidiǎnr, and 3） Chàbuduō is a restrictive modifier while Chàyidiǎnr is co-restrictive. The above differences between the two are due to the distinctive natures of the object they modify respectively.

关 键 词：“差不多” “差一点” 封闭性 区间 限制性 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]