乒乓球运动员空间注意特征的事件相关电位(ERP)研究  

An Event-Related Potentials (ERP) Study of Visual Spatial Attention of Table Tennis Players

作　　者：杨爱华[1] 殷小川[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100083

出　　处：《体育科学》2009年第4期35-43,62,共10页China Sport Science

基　　金：北京市高等学校"人才强教计划"--"中青年骨干人才培养计划"资助项目

摘　　要：在对国内外关于视觉空间注意特征研究成果进行分析的基础上,采用具有高时间同步性特征的事件相关电位(ERP)方法,对一般大学生和二级乒乓球运动员视觉空间注意特征进行对比研究,探索乒乓球运动员视觉空间注意的特征。实验结果表明:1)所有提示条件下乒乓球运动员的反应时显著快于一般大学生,两组被试有效提示条件下的反应时快于无效提示和中性提示条件下的反应时,乒乓球运动员比一般大学生的大脑加工视觉信息的速度快;2)P1、N1都有对侧脑区效应,对侧脑区波幅更大,潜伏期更短,两组被试P1、N1成分波幅大小的显著区别表现在左侧视野;3)一般大学生更容易受提示线索的影响,P1波幅出现了线索的逆转效应,有效提示下的P1波幅小于无效提示下的P1波幅,N1成分则是有效提示条件下的N1波幅大于无效提示条件下的波幅,而乒乓球运动员没有表现出这种效应;4)P2成分体现出了显著的提示效应,两组被试在有效提示条件下的波幅小于无效提示条件下的波幅;5)从2D脑地形图可以看到,两组被试在大脑的正向激活范围和强度上有很大区别,乒乓球运动员对视觉刺激的反应更敏感,正向活化的波幅更大、范围更广,负向活化波幅更小、范围更窄。由此得出,乒乓球运动员对视觉刺激的加工比一般大学生迅速,并且,在早期阶段,大脑对视觉刺激的加工与普通大学生有一定区别。The present study uses event-related potentials （ERP） technique which has the high- time-synchronic characteristic to contrast the visual spatial attention characteristics of college students and the two level table tennis players, on the foundation of analysis the visual spatial attention researches at home and abroad. The purpose is to explore table tennis player＇s visual spatial attention characteristic, and provide certain theory basis for revelation the brain mechanism of table tennis player＇ s visual attention. Result ： 1 ） Compared with college students, table tennis player＇s visual information processing speed has been significantly improved after a long period of professional training. Both group had faster RT （reaction time） to validly cued stimuli than invalid and neural cued stimuli; 2）Both P1 and N1 had contra-lateral brain area effect. The amplitudes were bigger and the latencies were shorter than the ipsi-lateral site. The remarkable amplitudes＇ difference of P1 and N1 is displayed in the left side field of vision; 3） College students were easily influenced by the warning cues. They had an inverse cueing effect for P1 amplitude （i. e. ,amplitude of P1 to invalid 〉 amplitude of P1 to the valid cue） while Table tennis players didn ＇t have this effect; 4 ） P2 displayed remarkable cueing effect. Both groups had smaller amplitudes preceded by the invalid cues than by preceded by valid cues;5） There were great differences between the two groups both in the activated scope and in the activated intensity, seen from the 2D brain topographic diagram. Table tennis players were more sensitive to the visual stimuli, and they had bigger positive activated intensity and scope and smaller negative activated intensity and scope than college students. The conclusion is that the processing visual stimuli of the table tennis player was rapidly than college students, and there was certain difference in the brain processing of visual stimuli between the two groups at an early stage.

关 键 词：视觉注意 事件相关电位 乒乓球 运动员 大学生 P1 N1 P2 

分 类 号：G804.86[文化科学—运动人体科学]