四种国产野生无髯鸢尾种子休眠类型的研究  

Study on the dormancy type of seeds of four species of wild Iris in China

作　　者：路覃坦[1,2] 张金政[1] 孙国峰[1] 姜闯道[1] 李晓东[1] 石雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《草业学报》2009年第2期130-137,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院农业办公室项目(KSCX2-YW-N-44-03);中国科学院重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-52);科技部农业科技成果转化项目(2006491010002)资助

摘　　要：4种国产无髯鸢尾玉蝉花、山鸢尾、金脉鸢尾和西南鸢尾的种子均存在休眠,萌发情况因种而异。通过对鸢尾种子的吸水性研究、不同的切割处理、胚根伸长的机械阻力测量、离体胚生长势测定以及冷层积处理,发现4种鸢尾种子难以萌发的主要原因是胚的生长势不足以打破来自于珠孔端组织结构(胚乳和种皮)的机械束缚。试验表明,4种鸢尾种子离体胚是不休眠的,离体胚的萌发率达到100%而且幼苗生长良好;适当的切割,特别是切除珠孔端胚乳可有效破除种子休眠;冷层积或外源赤霉素处理也能极大地提高萌发率。综合整个试验结果,4种鸢尾种子的休眠类型更趋向于浅生理休眠。The seeds of Iris ensata, Iris setosa, Iris chrysographes, and Iris bulleyana （the four species of Apogon Iris）, all exhibit dormancy, but the germination varies from species to species. We researched the hygroscopicity of Iris seeds, different scarification treatments, the mechanical resistance to embryo growth （by Instron 5848 MicroTester）, the growth potential of the embryo （by placing excised embryos in osmotica of PEG-6000）, and cold stratification treatment. The growth potentials of the embryos were not enough to break the mechanical resistances of the micropylar structure and this was the main reason why Iris seeds failed to germinate. Excised embryos had 100% germination and the seedlings grew well, that is, the excised embryos were not dormant. Proper scarification, especially the removal of endosperm at the micropylar end broke dormancy. Cold stratification or exogenous GA treatment alone also greatly promoted germination. In summary, the four species of Iris seeds conformed to non-deep physiological dormancy.

关 键 词：无髯鸢尾 离体胚 休眠 萌发 机械束缚 生长势 

分 类 号：S682.19[农业科学—观赏园艺]