区域生态风险评价指标体系  

Research progress on index system of regional ecological risk assessment

作　　者：蒙吉军[1] 赵春红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2009年第4期983-990,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40871048);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD20B07);科技部基础性工作专项课题(2007FY140800-1)资助

摘　　要：区域生态风险评价包含多种风险源、多种风险受体和多种评价终点,评价指标的选取较为复杂,成为区域环境管理研究中的一个热点问题.大量国内外相关领域的研究成果表明,区域生态风险评价包括3个关键环节:1)风险概率评价,用风险概率指数来度量;2)生态系统在区域中的生态地位和价值评价,用生态指数来度量;3)各生态系统遭受风险时的脆弱程度评价,用脆弱度指数来度量.区域生态风险评价指标体系构建存在的主要问题为主观性强和可比性差,鉴于此,应遵循客观性、整体性、层次性和可比性原则分层次构建指标体系,其中,构建受体生态地位和价值的评价指标体系最为复杂,可通过建立必选指标和可选指标来完善,以增强区域之间生态风险评价结果的可比性.Regional ecological risk assessment （RERA） covers the assessments of multiple risk sources, receptors, and endpoints, while the selection of assessment indices is quite complicated, being a hotspot in regional environment management research. Domestic and international researches on RERA revealed that three processes in RERA are of vital, i. e. , risk probability assessment measured by risk probability index, status and value assessment of ecosystem at regional scale indicated by ecological index, and vulnerability assessment of each ecosystem in a region under risk measured by vulnerability index. The main problems in the establishment of RERA index system are the strong subjectivity and poor comparability, and thus, the index system should be set up in the three key processes under the principles of objectivity, integration, hierarchy, and comparability. Due to the fact that the status and value assessment of ecosystem is most complicated, the index system should be formulated by compulsory and optional components to increase the comparability of RERA results between regions.

关 键 词：区域 生态风险评价 指标体系 研究进展 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]