玉米茎流速率及耗水量研究  

Stemflow Rate Research of Zea mays L.

作　　者：聂文果[1] 张盹明[1] 徐先英[1] 唐进年[1] 金红喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省荒漠化防治重点实验室甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第7期230-234,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目(2005BA517A01)。

摘　　要：河西沙漠绿洲边缘农作物生产用水短缺,为了发展绿洲边缘的生态产业,对绿洲边缘种植的主要农作物玉米耗水量作了测试分析。采用植物热平衡茎流(Sap Flow System)计,对沙漠绿洲边缘沙地种植的主要农作物玉米整株茎流速率的日变化、季节变化规律及耗水量进行了测试,结果得出:玉米径流速率日变化呈现出单峰曲线峰值为14:00时为69.7303gm/hr。玉米在全生育期的茎流速率最高值出现在7月份(平均值)为68.71gm/hr。以玉米密度为67500株/hm2计算茎流耗水量,在生长季节中玉米茎流速率高峰时期的6、7、8三个月蒸腾所需生理用水量为6478.2m3/hm2。5月和9月共用水160m3,全生育期需水量8878.2m3/hm2,比同样条件下种植药用黄芪植物多用水量4678.2m3/hm2。另外玉米茎流速率与环境因子中的光量子密度(PFD)、大气温度(Tair)、相对湿度(RH)、水汽压亏缺(VPD)等有着及其密切的相关关系,经回归分析得出了玉米与其影响因子之间的回归方程,为沙漠绿洲边缘种植农作物玉米合理用水方案确定提供了理论依据。The water for crop production is short in fringe of Hexi desert oasis. In order to develop ecological industry in fringe of oasis, water consumption of maize, which is main crop in there, is tested and analyzed. Using Sap Flow System, the daily changes rule, seasonal changes rule and water consumption of stem-flux of the main crops-maize which was planted in oasis edge of the desert were tested. The results showed that the daily changes of maize stem-flux had a single peak curve at 14：00 pm and the peak value was 69.7303 gin/hr. The highest value of the daily changes of maize stem-flux oceured in July （Mean Value） and was 68.71 gm/hr in the whole growth period. 67500 individual/ha of maize density calculating water consumption of stemflow, the peak period of water consumption of maize stem-flux was in June, July and August during the growing season, physiological water of three months for transpiration was 6478.2 m^3/hm^2. A total of physiological water in May and September was 160m^3.The water requirement in the whole growth was 8878.2 m^3/hm^2, compared with the cultivation of medicinal plants-Astragalus in the same conditions, water requirement was more 4678.2 m^3/hm^2, In addition, stem-flux of maize and photon density（PFD）, air temperature（Tair）, relative humidity（RH）, vapor pressure deficit（VPD） of environmental factors had a close relationship. By regression analysis, the regression equation between maize and their impact factors were gained. This provides with the data basis of physiological water requirement of maize for planting maize in oasis edge of the desert.

关 键 词：玉米 茎流速率 日变化 季节变化 节水 回归分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]