不同植物篱类型对农田地面蜘蛛种群的影响  

Effect of Different Hedgerow Species on Ground-Dwelling Spider Population in Agricultural Fields

作　　者：吴玉红[1] 蔡青年[2] 林超文[3] 赵欣[2] 程序[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [3]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第4期1264-1273,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划资助项目(2006CB100206)

摘　　要：【目的】研究植物篱对于农田地面蜘蛛种群的影响。【方法】于2005-2007年两个冬小麦和夏玉米生长季节在四川省土壤肥料研究所资阳试验站的1号试验地(坡度20°)和2号试验地(坡度12°)利用陷阱法对香根草(1号地)、紫穗槐(1号地)、蓑草(2号地)和苜蓿(2号地)4种植物篱类型对农田地面蜘蛛活动密度(种群密度和活动性的参数)的影响进行了调查。【结果】植物篱处理植物篱带地面蜘蛛的活动密度在冬小麦生长季节均显著高于对照裸地,植物篱处理植物篱带地面蜘蛛的活动密度在夏玉米生长季节也高于对照裸地,但是只有蓑草和苜蓿植物篱带与对照裸地差异显著。植物篱处理农田地面蜘蛛的活动密度在冬小麦和夏玉米生长季节与对照处理农田均无显著差异。【结论】植物篱带在冬小麦生长季节可以作为地面蜘蛛重要的越冬场所,但是植物篱带的出现并没有显著提高临近农田地面蜘蛛的活动密度。【Objective】 The objective of this study aimed at the effects of hedgerow species on ground-dwelling spider population in agricultural fields. 【Method】 Using pitfall trapping, the effects of four hedgerow plant species, which serve as undisturbed and permanent semi-natural habitats, on ground-dwelling spider activity density （a parameter of population density and relative activity） were investigated. Samples were collected over two winter wheat and two summer maize growing seasons during 2005-2007 in trial field 1 （slope gradient of 20%） and field 2 （slope gradient of 12%） at the Ziyang Experimental Site in Sichuan Province, China. The hedgerow species evaluated were Amorpha fruticosa （field 1）, Vetiveria zizanioides （field 1）, Eulaliopsis binata （field 2）, and Medicago sativa （field 2）. 【Result】 Activity density of ground-dwelling spiders was significantly higher in the hedgerow strips than in the bare soil strips during the winter wheat season. Activity density of ground-dwelling spiders was also higher in the hedgerow strips than in the bare soil strips during the summer maize season, however, activity density differed significantly only between Eulaliopsis and Medicago strips and bare soil strips. No significant difference was found in activity density of ground-dwelling spiders in the crop fields between hedgerow and control plots during the winter wheat or summer maize seasons.【Conclusion】The results suggest that hedgerows could serve as important overwintering sites for ground-dwelling spiders during the winter wheat season. However, the presence of hedgerow strips did not significantly increase the activity density of ground-dwelling spiders within the crop fields.

关 键 词：植物篱 地面蜘蛛 活动密度 陷阱法 

分 类 号：S186[农业科学—农业基础科学]