石头口门水库流域土地利用／覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响  

The impact of non-point source pollution loading of land use/cover change in the Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin

作　　者：张素梅[1,2] 王宗明[1] 张柏[1] 宋开山[1] 刘殿伟[1] 李方[1] 任春颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态科学》2009年第1期66-72,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：基金项目：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KZCX3-SW-356）;中国科学院院长奖学金启动资金项目联合资助

摘　　要：应用L-THIA（Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment）模型，模拟吉林省石头口门水库流域1986年至2000年的非点源污染负荷，定量评价土地利用／覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响。研究结果表明：1）1986-2000年期间，研究区土地利用／覆被变化的主要特点为：水田和旱田增加，草地和裸地减少；土地利用／覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响非常显著；2）1986年、1995年、2000年三个时段内研究区各非点源污染负荷呈现先增加后减少的趋势，泥沙和总氮的变化幅度较大，总磷的变化幅度相对较小；整个研究时段内表现为总磷的变化幅度大于泥沙和总氮；3）农田、林地、居民地的变化对非点源污染负荷影响明显，属于非点源污染的敏感区，其面积的较小变化均可引起污染负荷的较大变动；4）林地和草地转化为农田导致各非点源污染物负荷均增加，其中草地转化为农田的区域较小（5km^2），但导致总磷污染增加了255．52kg；农田变为居民地和林地导致污染负荷减少，林地转化为草地使得泥沙、总磷污染增加，总氮污染减少。Land use/cover change is a major driving force altering non-point source pollution. To explore the environmental consequence of land use change, long-term （1986-2000） non-point source pollution loading was modeled with L-THIA and the effects of land use change on the pollution loading were quantitatively assessed in the Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin. Research findings indicated that the paddy land and dry land increased while the grassland and bare land decreased from 1986 to 2000, and the impact on the non-point source pollution loading of land use change was significant and obvious. Annual average non-point source pollution loadings increased between 1986 and 1995, while decreased between 1995 and 2000. The variations of soil and total nitrogen were higher than total phosphorus during the two periods （from 1986 to 1995, from 1995 to 2000）, but during the whole period （from 1986 to 2000）, the loading variation of total phosphorus was higher than that of soil and total nitrogen. Cropland, forest, residential area were sensitive areas in terms of non-point source pollution which had considerable impact on the pollution, and slight changes of these regions might considerably result in great variation in pollution. Each kind of non-point source pollution increased because of the change of forest and grassland into cropland, while it decreased due to the variation of cropland into residential area and forest. Pollution of soil and total phosphorus increased, and total nitrogen decreased in the areas where forest was changed into grassland. The results of this study have implications for land use planning and decision making when we protect and remediate water quality of the Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin, which is an important drinking water source area for Changchun city.

关 键 词：土地利用/覆被变化 非点源污染 L-THIA模型 石头口门水库流域 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]