青藏高原特有植物块茎堇菜地上地下结果性及其散布机制  

Amphicarpy and dispersal mechanism of Viola tuberifera endemic to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：巩明明[1] 苏雪[1] 孙坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第4期16-19,共4页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台建设专项(2005DKA21403)

摘　　要：以青藏高原特有植物块茎堇菜Viola tuberifera为研究对象,对其地上地下结果性以及散布体的形态特征、空间位置和散布机制等进行了研究。块茎堇菜具有地上和地下3种不同类型的果实,分别为地上完全花(CH)果实、地上闭琐花(CL)果实和地下CL果实。3种类型果实在数量、着生位置以及成熟期上存在差异。块茎堇菜兼具有性和无性散布体,分别为CH种子、地上CL种子、地下CL种子和克隆器官鳞茎。其中CH种子数量较少,但以异交为主,保证了必要的变异,地上CL种子数量最多,是远距离散布的主要途径;地下2种散布体具有不可活动性,其近距离传播保证了物种的延续。块茎堇菜地上地下结果性及其散布机制的多样性是其对青藏高原高寒多变环境的适应。Viola tuberifera endemic to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was used to study the amphicarpy and morphological characteristics, spatial location and dispersal mechanism. The results showed that it has three types of fruits, i.e. , CH fruit, aerial CL fruit and subterranean CL fruit. The these three fruits were different in quantity, spatial location and mature period. V. tuberifera has sexual and asexual types of diaspores, i. e. , CH seeds, aerial CL seeds, subterranean CL seeds and cloning organ bulbs. Though the number of CH seeds was relatively small, the outcross accounted for the major part of CH seeds for necessary variation. The number of aerial CL seeds was the largest and this could ensure the primary approach for long-distance spread. Two subterranean diaspores could not move so the short-distance spread could keep the continuation of species. The amphiearpy and the diversity of dispersal mechanisms of V. tuberifera was the special reproduction mode as the result of adaptation to the environment of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The amphicarpy was firstly found in Violaceae in this study.

关 键 词：青藏高原 块茎堇菜 地上地下结果性 散布体 散布机制 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]