棘豆的毒性、危害及防治  

Research progress on toxicity, harm and prevention of Oxytropis

作　　者：李泉[1] 李俊年[1] 陶双伦[1] 丁宇晶[1] 何岚[1] 王铮[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第4期99-105,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30570285);湖南省自然科学基金项目(05JJ40033);湖南省教育厅重点资助项目(03A037)

摘　　要：综述了棘豆Oxytropis主要有毒成分苦马豆素(Swainsonine)的来源、毒性原理、对家畜危害及防治办法的研究进展。棘豆中苦马豆素主要来源于内生菌(endophyte)的代谢产物,其含量与根瘤菌固氮作用有密切关系,而与遗传无关。苦马豆素通过血液转运到中毒牲畜各个组织器官中,累积到一定量后即可抑制甘露糖苷酶(mannosidase)活性,使细胞产生空泡而变性,进而影响到家畜的免疫健康、精神行为、消化吸收、生长繁殖和引种。目前的预防手段有:轮牧法、隔离法和厌食法;治疗手段主要为灌服药剂治疗。The research progress on the source, toxicology, harm to livestock and prevention and treatment methods of Swainsonine, which was the main toxic component of Oxytropis, was reviewed in this paper. The swainsonine mainly originated from the metabolism of Oxytropis endophyte, and its concentration was related with the nitrogen fixation of nodule, but not genetic characteristics. Swainsonine was transported to the tissue organ of livestock by blood and inhibited mannosidase activity when accumulated to a certain degree, which leads to the degeneration of ceils in the form of cavitation. Then, the immune, health, mental behavior, digestion, absorption, growth, propagation and introduction of livestock were influenced. At present, the preventive methods were rotational grazing, isolation and anorexia, and the main treatment to this disease was to treat the livestock with＇medicine.

关 键 词：棘豆 苦马豆素 毒性 危害 防治 

分 类 号：S452[农业科学—植物保护]