天山乌鲁木齐河源冰达坂多年冻土温度监测  

Permafrost Temperature in the Ice Pass at the Source of the Urumqi River, Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：金会军[1,2] 刘宗香[1,2] 曾根敏雄 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所天山冰川观测试验站 [2]日本北海道大学低温科学研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》1998年第1期25-29,共5页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"中亚天山冻土研究";中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站基金

摘　　要：乌鲁木齐河源冰达坂５号钻孔是天山山脉海拔最高（３９００ｍ）的地温观测孔．１９９１～１９９５年监测结果表明，基岩温度呈现明显的昼夜、季节和年际变化，其中２ｍ左右受山坡粗砾石中径流热扰动和降水热渗浸的强烈影响，８～１０月平均地温在０℃附近振荡．５ａ平均地温为－５０℃，推测多年冻岩厚度约在２４０ｍ左右．在１８ｍ处年温度变幅仍为０６℃，地温年变化深度约在２５～３０ｍ之间．０５，１０和２０ｍ温度处呈明显升高趋势，而１０和１８ｍ处地温缓慢下降．这可能归结于１９９５年的夏季高温和１９９４年冬季低温及秋季丰富降水的热渗浸．Permafrost temperature was measured in Borehole No. 5 in the Ice Pass at the source of the Urumqi River, the highest (3 900 m a.s.l.) borehole in the Tianshan Mountains, since September 1991. The results of the temperature measurements indicate significant diurnal, seasonal and annual variations. Strong influences from flowing water and percolation have been detected in a coarse gravel layer at a depth of about 2 m during autumn each year. A zero curtain (0℃) extends from late August until October. The mean annual ground temperature and the thickness of permafrost are estimated as -5.0℃and 240 m, respectively. The annual range of ground (rock) temperature at the depth of 18 m is less than 0.6℃; the depth of annual temperature change is estimated down to 25～30 m. The ground temperature indicates a rising trend at the active layer and a cooling one at 10 and 18 m in the permafrost during the 5 observation years. This can be attributed to the high temperature during the summer of 1995, the low temperature during the winter of 1994～1995, and to the heavy rainfall during the autumn of 1994.

关 键 词：冻土温度 气候波动 天山 多年冻土 乌鲁木齐河源 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]