面向科学发现优先权竞争的科学期刊发蒙之考略  

Emergence of Science Journals Facing Scientific Discover Priority Competition

作　　者：王汉熙[1,2] 宋以超 周祖德[1] 胡树华[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学<数字制造科学>编辑部,湖北武汉430070 [3]湖北长江出版传媒集团有限公司,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第2期118-123,共6页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目<基于数字平台和互联网络的数字制造科学研究学术交流平台>(No.E0524508);武汉市社会科学基金项目<武汉市建设数字形态科学话语结构平台及争夺战略性结点的发展战略>(No.06021)

摘　　要：考察16世纪以后科学信息传播体制的发展脉络。通过牛顿等科学家科学发现优先权争执的公案分析,归纳出科学研究个体和科学研究能力体系(SRAS)对于获取科学发现优先权的关注方向。对造纸术、印刷术、物流业等的考证发现,15世纪以后,在英国和法国已经具备以文字传播为形式、邮局发送为路径、印刷复制为工具的基于纸张印刷物的信息传播载体结构(IDSBPP)。以科学发现优先权授予规则为线索,通过考证发现,在15世纪下半叶以后,形成了以科学学会为体制的科学共识评判体系,创立了以科学评论、科学通报和正式论文为主体的科学信息报告形式,加上学会创办的科学期刊,组建起一个原型化的基于科学期刊的面向科学发现优先权申报体制。在自然哲学分化为更多的专业学科领域之后,形成了专业科学期刊。科学期刊是为适应科学发现优先权竞赛而创造出来的革命性科学信息传播体制和工程平台。This paper studies the development history of the scientific information dissemination system since the 16th century. Through analysis on the case of the argument of Newton and other scientists on scientific Discover priority, the concerned direction of individuals of scientific Discover research and the Scientific Discover Research Ability System （SRAS） on acquiring scientific Discover priority is summed up. The study on paper making, printing, logistics and etc. finds that since the 15th century, in Britain and France there has been an Information Dissemination Vehicle Structure （IDVS） based on paper print with written languages as the form, postal delivery as the path and print copy as the tool. Through study on the scientific Discover priority authorization rules as the clue, it is confirmed that since the second half of the 15th century, a scientific consensus judgment system with science academies as the framework and a scientific information report form with science review, science bulletin and formal thesis as the main body have been formed, a prototype scientific priority oriented declaration system based on science journals was therefore established with science journals setting up by the academies,professional science journals emerged after natural philosophy broke into more disciplines, and eventually the scientific dissemination system and engineering platform based on science journals with competition for scientific priority as the orientation was formed.

关 键 词：科学研究能力体系 科学发现优先权 科学信息传播体制 基于纸张印刷物的信息传播体制 

分 类 号：G239.19[文化科学]