渗灌灌溉湿润比对日光温室番茄生长发育和需水规律的影响  

Effects of Subsurface Irrigation Moisture Ratio on Tomato Growth and Water Requirement Characteristics

作　　者：张倩[1] 张玉龙[1] 王耀生[1] 吴殿龙[1] 任秉枢[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院 辽宁省农业资源与环境重点实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第2期62-65,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：辽宁省重大农业攻关项目(2006215005);辽宁省重大攻关项目(20080112-311);辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2007T156);辽宁省博士启动项目(20061043)

摘　　要：采用节点式渗灌番茄栽培小区试验的方法，通过比较番茄株高、茎粗、果实品质和产量以及水分生产效率，探讨了用节点式渗灌方法灌溉温室栽培番茄灌溉湿润比的适宜取值范围。研究结果表明：在砂质粘壤土试验地上，当节点式渗灌管埋深为30cm、计划湿润层深15～45cm（厚度30cm）、灌水控制上限和下限分别设定为土壤水吸力6kPa（田间持水量）和30kPa时，将湿润比（计划湿润层湿润土壤体积点总土壤体积比例）设定为0．20、0．35和0．50，并依此计算灌水定额进行灌溉，湿润比0．20处理的番茄株高、茎粗及番茄生物量均明显高于湿润比0．35和0．50处理。但从节水、增产和省工几方面综合考察，湿润比选在0．20～0．35有利于番茄植株生长发育，进而可以达到高产、优质、节水的目的。The optimal range of irrigation quota （irrigation moisture ratio） was discussed by comparison of plant height, stem diameter, fruit quality and yield under sectional subsurface irrigation with plots treatment in a tomato-grown greenhouse. The tapes of sectional subsurface irrigation were installed at the depth of 0.30 m, and the designed moistened soil layer was from 0.15 cm to 0.45 cm below soil surface. The irrigation allowable upper limit and lower limit was set to 6 kPa and 30 kPa, respectively. Results show that the plant height, stem diameter and tomato biomass were significantly higher in the treatment with moisture ratio of 0.20 than the treatments with moisture ratios of 0.35 and 0.50. In conclusion, the moisture ratios between 0.20 and 0.35 are optimal to enhance plant growth for high yield and improved quality, and save irrigation water effectively, considering the water conserving, higher yield and lower labor.

关 键 词：节点式渗灌 灌溉定额 日光温室 番茄生长 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]