黄河上游可利用降水量及其变化特点分析  

Utilizable Precipitation of the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River and Its Change Characteristics

作　　者：王俊[1] 荆旭春[1] 王昌高[2] 王云璋[2] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利职业技术学院,河南开封475004 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第2期112-115,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAB06B01)

摘　　要：利用1951-2007年黄河上游水文气象站的月降水量和月平均气温资料，采用高桥蒸发量计算公式计算了各站历年逐月蒸发量，以水量平衡关系得到可利用降水量，据此分析了可利用降水量的空间分布和变化特点。结果表明近57年降水量呈减少趋势，气温呈逐步升高趋势；蒸发前期相对偏大，中期偏小，近期持续增强；可利用降水量分布趋势与降水等值线基本一致，但地区差异显著；全年总量不足同期降水量的一半；时间分配不均，以夏季最多，秋季其次，春季较少，冬季最少，其中95％集中在汛期5～10月；年际变化总体呈减少趋势，且有1951～1968年偏多、1969～1985年正常和1986年以来偏少之阶段性特点。Utilize monthly data of precipitation and average temperature from 1951 to 2007, and take use of Takahashi evaporation formula to calculate monthly evaporation capacity in the past years. The spatial distribution and characteristic of available precipitation variation has been analyzed based on water-balancing analysis and the results show.. （1） In recent 57 years, the precipitation was decreased, and air temperature increased. （2） Evaporation capacity was relatively high in prophase, slightly lower in the middle, and boost up incessantly in recent years. The characteristic of available precipitation variation are shown as below. （DThe distribution trend is consistent with precipitation isoline, but regional diversity is notable. ② Annual gross available precipitation capacity is less than half of precipitation capacity. ③Temporal distribution of available precipitation capacity is uneven, 95 percent of which concentrated in flood season （from May to October）. The quantity in summer is the highest, that in autumn is the second highest, that in spring is quite lower, and the quantity in winter is the lowest. ④The available precipitation capacity was correspondingly high in 1950s, and was low after 1990s. ⑤The trend of annual variation is decreased as a whole, and the available precipitation was correspondingly high in 1951-1968, normal in 1969-1985, and correspondingly low after 1986.

关 键 词：变化特点 可利用降水量 蒸发量 降水气温 黄河上游 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]