钢轨滚动疲劳裂纹与磨损耦合关系研究  

Study on Coupling Relation between Rolling Fatigue Crack and Wear of Rail

作　　者：赵雪芹[1,2] 王文健[1] 钟雯[1] 刘启跃[1] 朱旻昊[1] 周仲荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]成都电子机械高等专科学校机械系,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道学报》2009年第2期84-87,共4页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50675183;50875221);国家973计划项目(2007CB714702);西南交通大学创新团队培育计划项目(2007IRT01)

摘　　要：随着高速、重载铁路的发展,轮轨滚动磨损与疲劳损伤严重影响列车的运行安全。本文在JD-1型轮轨模拟试验机上研究干态工况下2种钢轨材料在2种处理工艺下4种试样的滚动磨损及疲劳损伤性能,利用显微硬度计和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样表面硬度变化、磨损量及疲劳裂纹形成情况等进行对比分析。结果表明,由于加工硬化作用试验后所有试样的硬度均有提高;热处理工艺对钢轨材料的磨损和疲劳性能具有明显影响;钢轨的抗磨损与抗疲劳性能是两种不同的材料特性,两者表现为相互竞争与制约的耦合关系,即磨损严重时疲劳损伤表现相对轻微;适当降低材料含碳量,增加钢轨的磨损率有利于延长钢轨的疲劳寿命。Along with the development of high-speed heavy-haul railways, wheel-rail rolling wear and fatigue damages appear to affect the safety of railway operation seriously. The rolling wear and fatigue characteristics of four specimens made of two rail materials processed with two techniques have been investigated with the JD- 1 wheel rail tribological simulation facility under the unlubricated conditions. The surface hardness, wearing capacity and fatigue cracking and so on have been examined with the microhardness tester and electronic scanning microscope. The study show the following results：There is a growth in the surface hardness of all speci mens after testing due to work hardening; the heat-treatment technique has an obvious effect on the rolling wear and fatigue properties of the rail materials; being two different material characteristics, the wear resistance and fatigue resistance can be seen as mutually competitive and restrictive ,in other words, while wearing is serious, the fatigue damage is relatively slight. Increasing the wearing rate of rail, by decreasing their carbon contents appropriately can prolong the fatigue life of the rails.

关 键 词：钢轨 滚动磨损 疲劳裂纹 硬度 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]