海南岛微小按蚊分布地区局灶性疟疾爆发流行分析  

A review and analysis of focus outbreak of malaria in areas with Anopheles minimus as vector in Hainan Island

作　　者：林明和[1] 吴开琛[2] 陈文江[3] 

机构地区：[1]万宁市卫生防疫站,海南万宁571500 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病控制所,上海200025 [3]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2009年第5期805-806,933,共3页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的掌握海南岛兼吸人畜血、偏野栖微小按蚊分布地区的疟疾流行规律和趋势,为全岛进一步疟疾防治提供参考。方法对1980年以来5起由微小按蚊引起的局灶性疟疾爆发流行进行回顾和综合分析。结果由微小按蚊引起的局灶性疟疾爆发流行的规律和5个爆发点特征:分布在岛内不同方位的滨海或丘陵区均与外来流动人口的进入和居住并输入传染源有关,当地无牛或少牛,加之外来人群缺少蚊帐防护,增加了人蚊接触,提高了微小按蚊的媒介能量和疟疾接受性;爆发点的传播强度和传播速率可以达到较高,经采取杀虫剂室内滞留喷洒和集体服药治疗措施可迅速控制传播。结论加强基层卫生组织对疟疾的经常性监测和防治,特别是临时工地或外来垦殖人群的宣传教育和防护措施可能是微小按蚊分布地区控制疟疾传播和预防局灶性疟疾爆发流行发生的主要对策。Objective To grasp the rule of malaria epidemic currently in the areas with Anopheles minimus as vectorr in Hainan Island in order to provide a reference for malaria control in the whole Island. Methods The data concerning 5 outbreaks of malaria occurred in Hainan Island since 1980s transmitted by A. minimus were retrospectively analyzed. Results There the outbreaks werer due to A. minimus in various coastal and hilly areas and all the outbreaks were associated with the entry of mobile populations and imported source of infection; there were less cartes or no tattles and with large number of mobile pop0ulation moved in from outside and most of them without a mosquito net, as results the vectorial capacity of A. minimus increased . Most of the outbreaks were due to the imported source of infection. The outbreaks were controlled after implementation of insecticide indoor residual spraying combined with mass anti-malaria treatment. Conclusion Regular monitoring and control of malaria in areas with A. minimus kas the main transmission vector,health education and propaganda are the main strategy for malaria control in this island .

关 键 词：海南岛 微小按蚊 疟疾爆发点 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]