黄河中游地区年径流对土地利用变化时空响应分析  

Tempo-spatially responses of the annual streamflow to LUCC in the middle reaches of Yellow River,China

作　　者：张晓萍[1] 张橹 王勇[3] 穆兴民[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]CSIRO Land and Water, Christian Laboratory,GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia [3]黄河水利委员会中游水文水资源局,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2009年第1期19-26,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目“黄土高原退耕还林(草)环境效应与效益评价”(KZCX2-XB2-05-03);中国科学院西部之光联合学者项目“黄土高原河龙区间土地利用/覆被变化水沙效益研究”(B183)

摘　　要：以黄河中游河龙区间为研究区,以水土流失综合治理及生态环境建设导致的土地利用/覆被变化为背景,采用非参数统计法,基于区内38个水文站20世纪50年代至2000年水文数据,分析流域年径流对土地利用/覆被变化响应的时空变异特征,估算影响因素贡献率。结果表明：其中29条流域年径流量呈显著减少趋势,变率为0.17～2.61 mm/a;28条流域年径流量具有显著跃变时间,无定河流域各水文站跃变时间多在1970—1973年间,其余则多为1978—1985年,最晚为1994年;在5%、50%和95%的发生频率上,跃变前后时段年径流量减少幅度以30%～60%普遍,最大分别为73.2%、63.5%和69.7%;河龙区间整体呈显著减少趋势,变率为0.79 mm/a,跃变时间发生在1979年,3个频率上的减少幅度分别为46.5%、42.4%和24.1%。估算的11条流域中有9条土地利用/覆被变化等人类活动对流域径流减少影响程度超过50%。水土保持措施面积的增加,尤其淤地坝等水利水保工程措施的持续修建,对区域地表径流变化具有明显影响。Land use/cover changes （LUCC） have profound impacts on many aspects of the environment, including hydrology. To control the severe soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, China, a great number of soil conservation measures and eco-environmental eonstruction have been implemented in the studied region especially from 1970s. These measures have resulted in large scale land use/cover change and considerably modified the streamflow leading to reduced water yield. It is important to understand the impacts of the soil conservation measures on streamflow and its tempo-spatial change pattern in the arid and semi arid region. In this study, data from 38 catchments in the Hekou-Longmen section of middle reaches of Yellow River were analyzed to investigate the responses of streamflow to the land use/cover changes. The nonparametric MannKendall test and Pettitt test were used to identify trends and change points in the streamflow records. It was found that 29 out of the 38 catchments had significant downward trends in annual streamflow ranging from 0.17 to 2.61 mm/a. Pioneer abrupt changes in annual streamlfow defined by change points occurred from 1970 to 1973 found in Wuding River. In other catchments, the change points occurred from 1978 to 1985, the latest was in 1994. The other catchments with no significant trend located mainly in South-West part of study area probably caused by the complex human downtrend with 0.79 mm/a and the activities. For Hekou-Longmen section change point occurred in 1979. Frequency , the streamflow was significant analysis showed that the ratio of reduction in annual streamflow during before and after periods at 5 %, 50 % and 95 % percentile were mostly from 30 % to 60 %. The highest reduction reached to 73.2 %, 63.5 % and 69.7 %, respectively. For the whole Hekou-Longmen section, the annual streamflow reduced by 46.5 % It was estimated that the land use/cover changes accounted for over streamflow in 9 of 11 catchments. The construction of dams, appeared to be the main cause for the changes 42.4

关 键 词：年径流 时空响应 水土保持 土地利用/覆被变化 黄河中游地区 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学] P333.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]