电焊工尘肺危险因素的病例对照研究  

CASE CONTROL STUDY ON RISK FACTORS OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN WELDERS

作　　者：朱月潜 蔡翔 杨小萍 程金霞 王孝娃 陈欣 王劲松[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省扬州市疾病预防控制中心,扬州225002 [2]扬州大学医学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第8期1429-1430,1432,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：扬州市社会发展项目资助(YZ2007055)

摘　　要：[目的]对扬州市集装箱企业新诊断电焊工尘肺患者、疑似患者的职业暴露危险因素进行探讨。[方法]以2000～2006年期间确诊电焊工尘肺（24例）和疑似患者（38例）为病例组,同工种、年龄相差不过5岁、无心肺疾病者（124例）为对照组（两组均为男性）,采用1︰2病例对照研究,设计调查表收集职业卫生监测资料、职业体检资料。运用快速样本聚类提取危险因素,运用1︰2 Logistic回归模型分析方法研究多种危险因素的作用。[结果]多因素模型分析显示接尘工龄（OR=1.276,95%CI：1.080～1.507）、最常用的工作姿态（蜷缩位）（OR=1.343,95%CI：1.107～1.629）、工作后感觉（强度）（OR=1.505,95%CI：1.389～1.631）、环境粉尘监测浓度（超标）（OR=5.701,95%CI：3.872～8.394）、防护知识落实（OR=0.748,95%CI：0.624～0.897）等5项因素与电焊工尘肺的发生有统计学关联。[结论]预防电焊工尘肺首要任务是控制烟尘的产生和排出;防护时不仅考虑设备、知识,还要包括工人的个人负荷能力。[Objective] To explored the occupational risk factors of welder pneumoconiosis in confirmed and suspected patients of Yangzhou container business. [Methods] A 1 ︰ 2 matched case control study was designed and 62 cases were welder pneumoconiosis in confirmed and suspected patients. 124 welders with the working age and types within five years and without heart and lung diseases served as controls. The occupational surveillance and physical information were investigated by self-designed questionnaires. The risk factors were extracted with K-means cluster analysis and evaluated with conditional logistic regression analysis. [Results] Multi-factorial conditional logistic regression analysis showed that length of service in fume （OR=1.276, 95%CI： 1.080-1.507）, huddled posture （OR=1.343, 95%CI： 1.107-1.629）, feeling of work strength （OR= 1.505, 95%CI： 1.389-1.631）, fume concentration exceeded the standard （OR=5.701, 95%CI： 3.872～8.394） and implementation of the dustproof （OR=.748, 95%CI： 0.624-0.897） were significantly positively correlated with welder pneumoconiosis. [Conclusion] The most important role of preventing welder pneumoconiosis was to control the produce and discharge of smoke, and prevention of welder pneumoconiosis needs to take equipment, knowledge and the self elevating capacity of welders.

关 键 词：电焊工 尘肺 危险因素 条件LOGISTIC回归 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]