安徽淮北煤矿工人艾滋病认知及其自测健康状况  

SURVEY ON AIDS KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, BEHAVIOR OF COAL MINERS AND THEIR SELF-RATED HEALTH STATUS IN HUAIBEI OF ANHUI PROVINCE

作　　者：苏虹[1] 赵科伕[1] 何莉[1] 陈娟[1] 方雪晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,合肥230032

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第8期1487-1489,1493,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：安徽省艾滋病全球基金(CHN-304-G03-H)

摘　　要：[目的]了解煤矿工人的艾滋病知识、态度和行为及其自测健康状况,为开展有针对性干预提供依据。[方法]采用整群抽样,利用自编矿工艾滋病问卷及自测健康评定量表,对707名矿工进行现况调查。[结果]煤矿工人对艾滋病3大传播途径的知晓率较高(﹥70%),但对非传播途径的知晓率较低;广播、电视和报纸、杂志是其获取知识的主要途径;27.4%(194/707)的矿工在对待艾滋病病人/感染者的态度方面存在恐惧和反感;有婚外性行为的矿工占14.6%(103/707)。自测健康结果显示,矿工的身体症状与器官功能、心理症状与负性情绪,以及社会支持维度的得分较低。矿工的文化程度越低、从事井下作业和有婚外性行为者,其自测健康终得分较低;而艾滋病知识得分较低者,其社会健康终得分较低,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,矿工的艾滋病知识得分低与文化程度低、社会健康得分低和井下作业有关。[结论]应联合煤矿企业和医疗机构积极开展有针对性的健康教育和技能培训,提升矿工的艾滋病预防水平和健康状况。[Objective] To explore the situation of AIDS knowledge, attitude, behavior of coal miners and their selfrated health status, so as to provide evidence for the targeted intervention. [Methods] 707 miners were collected by cluster sampling and the questionnaire survey of AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior, and self-rated health status was conducted by cross-sectional study. [Results] The rate of correct answers on routes of AIDS transmission was more than 70%, but the awareness of non-transmission was low. The main approaches for miners to acquire AIDS knowledge were through broadcast, TV, newspaper and journal. 27.4% of miners were afraid of AIDS patients. 14.6% of miners had extramarital sexual behavior. The results of self-rated health showed that the scores of physical symptom and organ-function, psychology symptom and negative motion, social support were lower in miners. And the self-rated health status of them varied in different educational levels, underground working environment and extramarital sexual behaviors （P﹤0.05 or P﹤0.01）. The results of multiple linear regression showed that AIDS knowledge scores of miners reduced with the decreasing of their educating backgrounds, social health and underground working environment. [ Conclusion] It is important to strengthen the targeted healthy education and skill training on coal miners, so as to upgrade the level of preventing AIDS and healthy status.

关 键 词：艾滋病认知 自测健康 煤矿工人 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]