815例Ⅲ度暴露狂犬病的流行病学特征及预防治疗效果分析  

ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF 815 CASES WITH Ⅲ EXPOSURE RABIES

作　　者：金燕[1] 喻迎九[1] 章媛英[1] 熊庆红[1] 刘捷[1] 熊志伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省南昌市疾病预防控制中心,南昌330006

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第8期1551-1552,1554,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解本地区Ⅲ度暴露狂犬病的流行病学特征以及评价预防治疗效果。[方法]设计调查表与病历,对815例Ⅲ度暴露伤者进行流行病学调查,使用SPSS软件对资料进行统计分析。[结果]815例Ⅲ度暴露伤者,其流行病学特征与我国狂犬病例分布特征相近似:男性多于女性;少年儿童及壮年农民为主;农村多于城市;夏秋季暴露高于其他季节;暴露动物以犬为主;动物免疫率低,占0.86%。狂犬免疫球蛋白联合狂犬病疫苗的预防治疗,效果良好,安全性高。[结论]本地区防控措施不到位,狂犬病高发趋势短期内难以控制;规范的预防治疗包括:严格的伤口处理、狂犬免疫球蛋白联合狂犬病疫苗进行免疫是暴露后预防治疗的有效措施。[Objective] To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and preventive and therapeutic efficacy of Ⅲ exposure rabies. [ Methods] Questionnaire and medical records were designed, and epidemiological investigation was performed to 815 cases with Ⅲdegree injured, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. [Results] The epidemiological characteristics of the 815 cases with Ⅲ exposure injured was similar with national epidemiological characteristics of rabies： male patients with rabies was more than female patients; Most of the patients were children and young peasants. Rabies easily appeared in rural areas; The peak seasons were summer and autumn; Dogs are the main source of infection. Animals have lower immunity, which accounted for 0.86%. Rabies vaccination combined with the human rabies immunoglobulin has better preventive and therapeutic efficacy and higher safety. [Conclusion] The control and preventive measures are incomplete, so the high tendency of spreading rabies is hard to control in the short-term; the standard preventive and treatment measures which could effectively prevent and treat the rabies include： strict wound treatment, and rabies vaccination combined with the human rabies immunoglobulin.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学 预防治疗 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学] R181.22[医药卫生—临床医学]