油茶的传粉生物学特性  

Study on Biological Characteristics of Camellia Oleifera Pollination

作　　者：邓园艺[1] 喻勋林[1] 雷瑞虎[1] 黄娟[1] 徐永福[1] 杨文[1] 向剑锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]坪中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2009年第1期72-75,共4页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中南林业科技大学研究生创新基金项目“油茶传粉昆虫大分舌蜂的传粉效率及营巢生物学研究”(2006sx01)

摘　　要：油茶是一种秋冬季开花的重要油料植物。为了探讨油茶结实率低的主要原因,从而为改造油茶低产林以提高油茶结实率提供一些有用的数据和参考资料,从花粉限制和传粉生物学的角度进行研究,对油茶花粉的活力、花粉的可育性及花粉量、花粉量与胚珠数的比率(P/O)、柱头可授性、花蜜量及花蜜含糖量进行了测定。结果表明:在开花8 h后油茶花粉的活力达到最大,平均为(71.0%±0.056%);花粉的可育率为(93.97%±1.62%)(n=30);柱头可授性在开花第2天达到最大;每朵花的花蜜量平均为(421.2±14.0)μL(n=30),其含糖量为(29.12%±0.94%);P/O为(17 675.08±302.11)(n=20)。根据C ruden(1977)的标准,P/O之比值为(17 675.08±302.11),测定结果表明了油茶的交配系统为专性异交型。Camellia oleifera is one of the most important woody oil plants, which blooms from late autumn to winter. The study on pollination characteristics of Camellia oleifera is one of the keys to solve the low fruit rate. In this paper, pollen activity and viability, amount of pollen, nectar volume and sugar concentration, stigmas receptivity and pollen/ovule ratio （P/O） were studied. The results demonstrated that the highest pollen viability was 71.0% ± 0. 056% after eight hours of flowering; rate of pollen fertility was 93. 97%±1. 62%（n = 30）; stigma receptivity reached the highest rate on the second day after flowering; nectar volume of each flower was 421.2±14.0 μL （n= 305, with a sugar concentration of 29. 12%±0. 94%; P/O was 17675.08±302.11 （n=20）,which revealed that Camellia oleifera was obligate xenogamy.

关 键 词：油茶 花粉 传粉生物学 柱头 花蜜 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]