有限元分析在全髋关节置换术中的应用  

Finite Element Analysis of Total Hip Replacement

作　　者：杜秀利[1] 陈岚[1] 徐根林[1] 包亦望[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学精密仪器与机械系,上海200093 [2]中国建筑材料科学研究院,北京100024

出　　处：《生物医学工程学杂志》2009年第2期429-432,共4页Journal of Biomedical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50672093)

摘　　要：全髋关节置换术是治疗股骨头坏死、创伤性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等髋关节疾病的有效方法,但术后假体常常出现松动的现象。引起假体松动的原因主要有力学因素和生物因素,所以假体的应力分布和松动机制的研究引起广大学者的注意。有限元分析是研究髋关节受力的一种重要方法,用于研究假体结构参数和假体材料对其力学性能的影响。本文对近些年来这方面的研究进行了较详细的总结,归纳了目前全髋关节置换术中存在的问题,并探讨了典型的解决方案。Total hip replacement is a very effective method to cure many kinds of hip joint illnesses. About a century ago, it was first used in clinic. Since then, total hip replacement has been well developed. Hip joints sustain the most load of body, so people pay great attention to the hip prothesis＇ mechanics property. Especially after the finite element analysis was widely used in biomechanics investigation, the stress distribution of different designs can be easily compared with each other, and the relatively better parameters of the design could be decided. The stress distribution of different materials with the same design also can be valued. However, studies have indicated that total hip joint replacement still has some disadvantages. Loosening of the hip prothesis is still the most likely cause of the failure of surgery, and generally this is believed to stem from either mechanical failure of the fixation in response to over high density stresses, or osteolysis of the surrounding bone stock responsing to particular wear debris. Many researchers on computational studies have considered the potential for the former one, but only a few have attempted to tackle the latter. The process of osteolysis of the bone is not yet completely known. Nowadays, in order to solve the problems of loosening, investigators are trying to find different methods. Some of them are working on improving the geometry parameters and the shape of the hip prothesises, some are trying to find new suitable biomaterials, and, at the same time, the fixation methods are under deliberation.

关 键 词：有限元分析人造关节术髋关节应力分布磨损 

分 类 号：R687.4[医药卫生—骨科学]