观光桃园昆虫群落结构与优势种生态位  

Structure,Dynamics and Niche of Dominant Population of Insect Community in Peach Orchards of Beijing

作　　者：王有年[1,2] 邢彦峰 周士龙 孟海玲[1] 关伟 师光禄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]农业部都市农业(北方)重点开放实验室,北京102206 [3]北京市平谷区果品办公室,北京101200

出　　处：《林业科学》2009年第4期88-94,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点项目(6071001);北京市科委区县专项资金项目;北京市教委平台建设项目;北京市教委都市农业学科群建设项目(XK100190553);北京市属高校人才强教深化计划资助项目(PHR20090516,PHR200906134)

摘　　要：系统调查观光桃园昆虫群落结构及其优势种的时空生态位并进行测定。结果表明:昆虫群落结构丰富,桃园有昆虫9目25科34种,桃蛀果蛾、梨小食心虫、桃蛀野螟、桃潜蛾、桑白盾蚧、桃蚜、小花蝽、异色瓢虫、黑带食蚜蝇、叶色草蛉、黑缘红瓢虫等是桃园昆虫的优势种。昆虫群落物种数、个体数、多样性指数、均匀度指数随时间变化而波动。生态位宽度在害虫亚群落中为:桑白盾蚧>桃蚜>桃潜蛾>梨小食心虫>桃蛀野螟>桃蛀果蛾,天敌亚群落中为:黑缘红瓢虫>异色瓢虫>黑带食蚜蝇>叶色草蛉>小花蝽。黑缘红瓢虫与害虫的生态位重叠值均较大,而且与桑白盾蚧在时间上的同步性和空间上的同域性均优于其他天敌,是桃园天敌的优势种群。The insect community structure and temporal-spatial niche of dominant species in a peach orchard were investigated in Beijing suburb. The results showed that the insect community was abundant, which including 9 order, 25 families, 34 species, and the dominant species were Carposina niponensis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Lyonetia clerkella , Pseudaulacaspis pentagona , Myzus persicae , Orius sauteri , Leis axyridis , Epistrophe balteata , Chrysopa phyllochrorna and Chilocorus rubidus. The species number, individuals of species, diversity indices, and evenness changed with time. In pest sub-community, the niche breadth of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona was the biggest, successively followed by Myzus persicae, Lyortetia clerkella, Pseudaulacaspis perttagona, Dichocrocis punctiferalis and Carposina niponensis. In natural enemies sub- community the niche breadth of Chilocorus rubidus was the biggest, successively followed by Leis axyridis, Epistrophe balteata, Chrysopa Phyllochroma, Orius sauteri. The niche of Chilocorus rubidus overlapped with insect pests more than that of other natural enemies did with insect pests, and the synehrony in temporal dimension and similarity in spatial dimension between Chilocorus rubidus and Pseudaulacaspis pentagona were better than other enemy insects. The results indicated that these natural enemies populations should be protected and utilized to control pests in peach orchards.

关 键 词：桃园 昆虫群落 多样性 生态位 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]