上海市2004至2008年乙型肝炎流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of 2004-2008 epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Shanghai

作　　者：王晔[1] 李燕婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防治科,上海200336

出　　处：《诊断学理论与实践》2009年第2期152-154,共3页Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科建设计划资助(08GWZX0101)

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市乙型肝炎(乙肝)发病现状和流行病学特征,为制定控制策略提供科学依据。方法:采用描述流行病学方法,对2004～2008年乙肝疫情和发病危险因素进行分析。结果:2004～2008年上海乙肝发病率呈逐年下降趋势,各年龄组发病率均有下降,特别是15岁以下儿童乙肝发病率下降明显。郊区(县)发病高于市中心区。发病构成以工人、农民、民工最高,约占乙肝发病总数的45.38%。发病危险因素多因素分析表明,人均月收入(OR=4.073)、静脉输液(注射)史(OR=139.096)、乙肝患者接触史(OR=6.989)和火锅食用史(OR=2.338)是上海市成人感染急性乙肝的重大危险因素,餐前、便后洗手的卫生习惯(OR=0.064)则是保护因素。结论:儿童乙肝免疫接种取得明显成效,但成人发病危险因素仍存在,加强乙肝疫情监测和开展成人免疫预防为主的综合防治是今后乙肝防治工作的重点。Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Shanghai for providing a scientific basis to formulate a strategy for its prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the risk factors and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Shanghai from 2004 to 2008. Results The incidence of hepatitis B in the past five years had a trend of declining year by year. This decline in incidence occurred in all age groups, especially age groups under 15 years old. The incidence of hepatitis B in rural and outskirt areas was higher than that in urban area. Workers, farmers and migrant workers constituted the majority of cases （45.38%） of hepatitis B. Multivariate conditional logistic regressive analysis showed that income （OR=4.073）, intravenous transfusion（OR=139.096）, intimate contact with hepatitis B patient（OR=6.989）and taking hotpot dish （OR=2.338） were the prominent risk factors of inducing acute hepatitis B in adults, and the healthy habit of washing hands before meal and after defecation （OR=0.064） was the protective factor. Conclusions Hepatitis B immunization of children has achieved a remarkable success. However, risk factors in adults still exist. Comprehensive preventive measures including strengthening hepatitis B epidemiological monitoring and practicing hepatitis B immunization in adults should be the future focus of our work.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 流行特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：R512.6[医药卫生—内科学]