三江源地区高寒草地群落的垂直分布规律  

Analysis on Vertical Distributation of Alpine Grassland and Meadow in Sanjiangyuan Region

作　　者：张静[1] 李希来[1] 乔小龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810003

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2009年第3期592-596,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2004CB720502);国家自然科学基金项目(30760160)

摘　　要：对三江源区高寒草原和高寒草甸两个草地类型垂直分布的草地群落特征、土壤性状和害鼠危害进行了测定。结果表明,随海拔的增高,玛多地区高寒草原类草地垂直分布表现为明显的两个草地型,分别为紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草地型和小嵩草(Kobresia pygmaia)草地型。草地的演替度逐渐减小,而物种丰富度呈上升趋势,草地质量指数以山中为最高,山底居中,山顶最低。物种丰富度、均匀度、多样性指数随海拔的增加而增加;称多地区高寒草甸类草地随海拔的增高,垂直分布表现为明显的3个草地型,分别为小嵩草草地型、高山柳(Salix cupularis)灌丛草地型和矮嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草地型。草地优势种发生了明显的变化,草地质量指数和演替度随海拔升高而增加,物种丰富度、均匀度、多样性指数均以山中高山柳灌丛型草地为大。两种草地类型土壤有机质含量由表层向下逐渐减少,随着海拔高度的增加,有机质含量均呈上升趋势,土壤中氮、磷、钾的含量上升,速效磷的含量下降。随海拔增加,草地植被覆盖度下降,碳酸钙和pH值逐渐增加。In this paper, the vertical distribution, plant community characteristics, soil condition and grassland features in alpine grassland and alpine meadow were surveyed. The results showed that community distributation of alpine grassland in Madou county presented two obvious grassland sub-types which were Stipa purpurea and Kobresia pygrnaia grassland sub-types as the increase of location altitude. Succession-degree of grassland gradually decreased and abundance-degree of species presented increasing trend with the increase of location altitude. The community distributation of alpine meadow in Chengduo county presented three obvious grassland sub-types which were Kobresia pygmaia, Salix cupularis and Kobresia pygmaea grassland sub-types, and grassland quality indexes and succession-degree increased as the increase of location altitude. Organic matter content of two grassland-types decreased from surface to deep soil, but with the increase of location altitude, the organic-matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium content of soil were all to increase and the vegetation coverage was to decrease.

关 键 词：三江源地区 高寒草原 高寒草甸 草地群落特征 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]