羽衣甘蓝×芥菜型油菜种间杂种再生和染色体加倍  

Regeneration and Chromosome Doubling of Interspecific Hybrid from Brassica oleracea var. acephala × Brassica juncea

作　　者：周清元[1,2] 李加纳[1,2] 殷家明[1,2] 唐章林[1,2] 谌利[1,2] 林呐[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆油菜工程技术研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第4期105-110,共6页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD01A04);国家"863"课题资助项目(2008AA10Z147);国家"948"课题资助项目(2006-G04);重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTC;2007BB1356)

摘　　要：以羽衣甘蓝和芥菜型油菜种间杂种(ZH201)(2=3x=ABC=27)为试验材料,以花序轴,果柄和子房为外植体,采用不同处理对其进行再生研究;对获得的再生试管苗用秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜进行处理,比较不同因素对染色体加倍的影响;对获得的三倍体和六倍体植株进行形态学和细胞学比较.结果表明:杂种植株再生频率从高到低依次为果柄、子房、花序轴,将外植体直接接种到分化培养基(MS+0.2 NAA+3.0 mg/L 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+5.0 mg/L AgNO3+0.6 mg/L GA3)上再生频率最高.在染色体加倍处理方面,以100 mg/L秋水仙素处理根尖24 h效果最好,获得的六倍体植株与三倍体相比,花朵颜色较深,花瓣较大,花药饱满,荚果能够正常生长,获得部分种子.在细胞学上,三倍体植株在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ存在着大量单价体,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ发现有大量染色体落后现象.六倍体植株中在花粉母细胞减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ也发现有染色体落后现象,但是落后染色体比三倍体少.Rachises, pedicels and ovaries from the interspecific hybrid ZH201 （2n= 3X= ABC=27） between Brassica oleracea var. acephala and B. juncea were used as explants and cultured on different media to study their frequency of regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were treated with colchicine or Dimethylsulfoxide（DMSO） to compare their effect on chromosome doubling and to obtain hexaploid plants. The morphological and cytological characteristics of the triploid and hexaploid plants were compared. The results showed that plantlet regeneration frequency of the explants was in the order of pedicel 〉 ovary 〉 rachis. The highest regeneration frequency was obtained when the explants were directly inoculated on the differentiation medium MS＋0.2 mg/L NAA＋3.0 mg/L 6-BA＋5.0 mg/L AgNO3 ＋0.6 mg/L GA3. The treatment of root meristem with 100 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 hours yielded the best results of chromosome doubling. Compared with their triploid counterparts, the hexaploid plants obtained had bigger petals with darker color and well-filled anther and normal pods and, as a result, yielded some seeds. In cytological examination, many univalent chromosomes were observed during meiosis meta phase Ⅰ of pollen mother cells of the triploid plants and many lagging chromosomes during anaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅱ. Though lagging chromosomes were also detected during anaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅱ of the hexaploid plants, their number was much smaller than that of the triploid plants.

关 键 词：芥菜型油菜 羽衣甘蓝 种间杂交 染色体加倍 再生频率 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]