空气污染与气候变化  

Atmospheric Aerosols,Air Pollution and Climate Change

作　　者：丁一汇[1] 李巧萍[1] 柳艳菊[1] 张莉[1] 宋亚芳[1] 张锦[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2009年第3期3-14,I0001,共13页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家环保部国家环境咨询委员会和科技部2006CB403604与2007BAC0301项目的支持

摘　　要：近50年来,全球气候变化主要由大气温室气体浓度的日益增加引起,而空气污染主要由悬浮于空气中的大气气溶胶粒子造成,它们都主要由矿物燃料的燃烧排放形成。近年的研究表明,大气气溶胶粒子也具有气候效应:一是通过散射和吸收太阳光,减少到达地面的太阳辐射而具有降冷作用,可抵消一部分由温室气体造成的变暖作用;二是可以作为云中凝结核改变云微物理过程和降水性质,改变大气的水循环。大气气溶胶对于经济社会的许多方面,如农业、水资源、人体健康、城市化等也表现出重要的影响。由于空气污染和气候变化在很大程度上有共同的原因,即主要都是由矿物燃料燃烧的排放造成,因而减轻和控制空气污染与减少温室气体排放保护气候在行动上应是一致的。为了从经济上得到最大的节约和获得双赢的效果,应该采取协同应对空气污染和气候变化的减排战略,即应该采取统一的而不是分离的科学研究和应对战略。During recent 50 years, the global climate change is mostly caused by increasing atmo- spheric concentration of greenhouse gases, while air pollution is mainly produced by atmospheric aerosol particles suspended in the air. They are both emitted by burning of fossil fuels. Recent studies have shown that the atmospheric aerosols also have significant climate effects： （1） they can reduce solar radiation reaching the surface through scattering and absorbing the sunlight, thus leading to cooling; and （2） they can modify microphysical processes and precipitation nature as cloud condensation nuclei, thus leading to change in hydrological cycle in the atmosphere. Atmo- spheric aerosols may exert important impacts in many aspects, such as on agriculture, water re- sources, human health, urbanization,and so on. Due to common causes between air pollution and climate change to a greater extent a unified action should be taken for abatement and control of air pollution and mitigation of emission of greenhouse gases, based on the formulation of a win-win efficient strategy.

关 键 词：气候变化 空气污染 大气气溶胶粒子 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]