广西雷暴分布特征及灾害成因分析  

Analysis of distribution characteristics and damage causes of thunderstorm in Guangxi

作　　者：覃卫坚[1,2] 寿绍文[2] 王咏青[2] 李艳兰 

机构地区：[1]广西区气候中心,广西南宁530022 [2]南京信息工程大学江苏省气象灾害重点实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2009年第2期131-138,共8页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40405009,40575022,40205008);江苏省气象局科技开发项目(200406);江苏省气象灾害重点实验室项目(KLME050201);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2004CB418301);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK2005141)

摘　　要：对1951—2005年广西88个气象站的雷暴资料进行统计，得出了年季平均雷暴日数的时间序列，利用Morlet小波分析方法对这些序列进行分析，发现它们存在着明显的周期振荡规律，都具有较强的2a和4a周期振荡信号，在整个时间域里还普遍存在12～14a的周期振荡，各信号频率分布所在的时间域及其强度又存在着差异，从周期变化中可预测，未来几年广西可能转为多雷期。从线性回归分析得出，广西雷暴长期变化总体呈减少趋势。雷暴地域分布特征为桂北少桂南多，桂东南及沿海地区为强雷区，其他地区为多雷区。主雷期的开始期和结束期都是桂东北早桂西南晚，持续时间桂东北长于桂西南。灾害成因除了雷暴强度外，主要为建筑物防雷设施不合格，电子设备防雷措施不完善，群众防雷意识淡薄造成的。针对雷电灾害成因，提出了预防雷电灾害的建议，供防雷减灾工作参考。Using thunderstorm data of 88 stations in Guangxi from 1951 through 2005, we obtained the mean annual and seasonal thunderstorm time series which were analyzed then by the Morlet wavelet method. Results show that the series displaies significant eharaeteristics of periodic oscillations with stronger 2 - and 4 - yearly periods, and has 12 -14 -yearly periods existing universally in the whole time domain. On the other hand, the distribution of＂ these frequencies and their intensities is different~＂we can forecast that Guangxi would enter the multi-thunder phase in the future several years. Based on the simple regression analysis, the thunderstorm days in Guangxi exhibit a decreasing tendency on a long-term basis. The mean annual thunderstorm days in north Guangxi are less than that in the southern part. It is in the southeast and coastal regions of Guangxi where the thunderstorm are the most frequent and in the other region where thunderstorm is sub-frequent according to the meteorological standard in China. The beginning and end of the main thunderstorm phase in southwest Guangxi is later than that in the northeast area. The lasting time of thunderstorm phase in northeast region is longer than that in southwest region. Besides the thunderstorm intensity, the main causes of the thunderstorm damage are the unqualified lightning protection equipments in the building, the imperfect lightning protection of the electronic installations and the weak consciousness for the lightning protection. This paper also offers some proposals for protecting the lightning in terms of its damage causes, providing a consult for the protection.

关 键 词：广西 雷暴 小波分析 雷电灾害 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]