四型戊肝病毒的比较研究  

Comparative Study of HEV with four Different Genotypes

作　　者：赵慧[1] 张文[1] 华修国[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2009年第2期181-188,共8页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

摘　　要：戊型肝炎是肝炎病毒科肝炎病毒属的唯一成员。戊型肝炎主要通过粪口传播,在亚非拉的许多卫生设施欠佳的发展中国家,作为水传播性传染病是其特点。一系列的证据也表明,在有家猪和野猪等戊肝动物宿主的工业化国家,戊肝病毒伴随肝炎也有全国性个例散发,戊型肝炎是一种人畜共患病。基于各个戊肝病毒隔离群之间广泛的基因多样性,戊型肝炎序列被划分为四种基因型:基因1型包含了在亚洲和非洲国家的流行毒株;基因2型发现存在于墨西哥和几个非洲国家;基因3型分布广泛,在世界上除了非洲以外的许多国家的家猪和散发急性戊肝病例分离到;基因4型包含了单独在亚洲国家的人和家猪分离到的毒株。本文综述了时下对不同型戊型肝炎病毒在基因多样性、地理分布和动物传染各方面的认知,以及毒株遗传和演化的重要临床意义。Hepatitis E virus is the only member of the genus Hepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. It mainly spread by fecal - oral route, the characteristic of hepatitis E are water-borne epidemics in many developing countries with under-performing sanitation conditions in Africa, Asia and Latin America. A series of evidence indicate that HEV- assoclated hepatitis also occurs domestically among individuals in industrialized countries, that there are domestic pigs and wild boars which are consider to be the animal reservoirs of HEV probably. And hepati- tis E is a zoonosis. Based on the extensive gene diversity among the HEV isolates, HEV sequences have been classified in to four genotypes： genotype 1 consists of epidemic strains in developing countries in Asia and Africa; genotype 2 has been described in Mexico and several African countries; genotype 3 HEV is widely distributed and has been isolated from sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E and/or domestic pigs in many countries in the world, except for countries in Africa; and genotype 4 contains strains isolated from humans and/or domestic pigs ex- clusively in Asian countries. This paper discussed the recent research and knowledge on the genomic variability, geographic distribution, zoonotic aspects ,the clinical significance and evolution of HEV while comparing with different genotypes.

关 键 词：戊型肝炎病毒 基因分型 基因多样性 地理分布 遗传进化 人畜共患 临床意义 

分 类 号：S851.347.101[农业科学—预防兽医学]