低定额畦灌技术参数研究  

Study on Technical Parameters of Low Norm Border Irrigation

作　　者：阳晓原[1,2,3] 范兴科[1,2] 冯浩[1,2] 姜珊[1,2,3] 廖凯[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第2期227-230,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院重要研究项目“半干旱地区农业高效用水的生物学原理及其应用”(KZCX3-SW-444)

摘　　要：基于有限水资源的农田补充灌溉,以寻求不产生深层渗漏的节水型地面畦灌灌水定额为目标,在陕西省杨陵区中壤土玉米地,开展了畦田规格和灌水技术要素对灌水效率和灌水均匀度影响的田间试验。通过水流推进、消退过程、土壤水分变化的测定,利用地面灌溉水流运动曲线拟合对畦灌条件下的最佳灌水技术要素组合进行了分析。结果表明:畦田规格和灌水技术要素对灌水效率和灌水均匀度具有明显影响,对于试验田块,田面坡度为1.5‰时,入畦单宽流量控制在3～6L/(m.s)范围内,畦宽2～3m,畦长50m左右,可达到较高灌水效率(Ea>80%)和灌水均匀度(DU>80%),并能将灌水定额控制在设计范围之内,实现畦田的小定额灌溉。A goal of seeking a low border irrigation quota not causing deep percolation was based on limited water resources supplementary irrigation of farmland.Field experiments were conducted in a medium loam in Yangling district Shaanxi province in the semiarid region to investigate the influences of border dimensions and irrigation variables on Application Efficiency（Ea）and Distribution Uniformity（DU）.Study on the best combination of irrigation variables by the flow movement curve fitting of surface irrigation by measuring on soil moisture,the performance of water advance and recession.Results show that the border dimensions and irrigation inflow rate of unit width affected the Application Efficiency and Distribution Uniformity significantly.A low irrigation need the reasonable combination of border dimensions and irrigation variables.The optimization inflow rate of unit width,border wide and border length in field experiments at 1.5‰ border slope are in the rang of 3～6 L/（m·s）,2～3 m and around 50 m could ensure high efficiency（Ea〉80%）,Distribution Uniformity（DU〉80%）and low irrigation quota.

关 键 词：畦灌 灌水均匀度 灌水效率 灌水定额 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]