对兴建台湾海峡隧道的工程可行性及其若干技术关键的认识  

Views on Engineering Feasibility and Key Technical Issues of Construction of Taiwan Strait Tunnel

作　　者：孙钧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学隧道与地下工程研究所,上海200092 [2]上海市城建集团院士研究室,上海200122

出　　处：《隧道建设》2009年第2期131-144,共14页Tunnel Construction

摘　　要：从10个方面对兴建台湾海峡隧道的工程可行性进行论述,并阐述对其中若干技术关键的认识和建议。1)从台湾海峡拟议中兴建隧位沿线的地质与地震灾害性条件,看跨海隧道设计施工的工程可行性——试以"北线"方案为例,说明其对隧道施工与日后运营的影响;2)海底隧道设计施工的特点和问题:对地质勘察、隧道最小埋置深度、隧道内交通运输工具的选择、关于服务隧道和海底渡线室等的设置、工程的安全设计与安全作业等提出意见和建议;3)隧道不良地质区段施工水情水患的预测与防治:对隧道场址的水文地质条件的认识与评价;对防塌治水的基本原则,难以预见的施工风险及施工整治处理要点进行了阐述;4)隧道围岩防塌险情预警、变形预测与控制——围岩施工稳定性评价:提出用"变形速率比值判别法"对围岩的施工稳定性进行评价,在施工期采用BMP软件对隧道衬护原设计参数进行调整和修正;5)隧道掘进机(TBM)与钻爆法施工方案的比选——隧道施工机械现代化:提出用TBM与钻爆法配合的海峡隧道施工方案,同时指出当隧道部分地段需改用钻爆法开挖时,隧道的主要施工机械及监测仪具应现代化(如自动化喷混凝土机器人、自动化量测及监测反馈系统等);6)耐腐蚀高性能海工混凝土材料和隧道支衬结构:指明采用常规材料配制高性能海工混凝土,增强其耐久性的基本途径;给出不良地质区段岩体的隧道开挖、支护、施工排水和限压衬砌设计施工的建议;7)特长大隧道的运营期通风问题——暂按铁路隧道并以英法海峡隧道为例作考虑:阐述海峡隧道的空气动力学问题,介绍英法海底隧道的通风系统原理及结构布置措施;8)隧道防灾与减灾:建议学习参考西方一些国家和日本在隧道防灾方面的设计理念;9)海底隧道施工风险评估与风险管理:提出该隧道的主要技术风险类�The author discusses the engineering feasibility of the construction of Taiwan ＇Strait Tunnel and provides his viewpoints and suggestions for some key technical issues of the project in the following 10 aspects. 1 ） The engineering feasibility of the design and construction of the sub-sea tunnel in view of the geologic and seismic hazardous conditions of the proposed location of Taiwan Strait Tunnel： taking ＂ North Line Plan＂ as an example to discuss their impact on the construction and operation of the tunnel; 2） The characteristics and problems of the design and construction of the subsea tunnel ： comments and suggestions on the geologic investigation, the minimum cover depth of the tunnel, transportation tools in the tunnel, setting of service tunnel and sub-sea crossover chamber and safety design and safe construction of the project ; 3 ） Prediction and prevention of hydrologic regime and water gushing hazards in the tunnel sections with unfavorable geology： understanding and value of the hydrologic conditions in the tunneling site ; discussions on basic rules for cave-in prevention and water gushing prevention and unpredictable construction risks and key points of construction countermeasures; 4） Early-warning, deformation prediction and control of the cave-in of the tunnel surrounding rocks ： evaluation on the stability of the surrounding rocks by ＂Deformation Rate Ratio System Method＂, and adjustment and correction of the original design parameters of the tunnel lining by BMP Software during the construction ; 5 ） Comparison between Tunnel Boring Machine （TBM） method and drilling and blasting method based construction schememodernization of tunnel construction machinery： proposing a composite construction scheme combining TBM and drilling and blasting method for the tunnel and suggesting the modernization of the major tunnel construction machinery and monitoring apparatus （such as automatic shotcrete robot and automatic measuring and monitoring and feedback system） whe

关 键 词：台湾海峡隧道 海底隧道 工程可行性 技术关键 设计 施工 防塌 水患 隧道掘进机(TBM) 钻爆法 通风 防灾 风险 

分 类 号：U459.5[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]