土地利用功能变化与利益相关者受偿意愿及经济补偿研究--以鄱阳湖生态脆弱区为例  

Impacts of Land Use Functional Change on WTA and Economic Compensation for Core Stakeholders:A Case Studyin Poyang Lake

作　　者：李芬[1] 甄霖[1] 黄河清[1] 韩鹏[1,2] 刘雪林[1,2] 姜鲁光[1] 魏云洁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第4期580-589,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题:“国家生态恢复重建的综合监测评估关键技术研发”(编号:2006BAC08B06);可持续发展功能分区技术开发(编号:2006BAC18B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划“:中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全”(编号:2009CB421106)

摘　　要：土地利用变化可引致区域生态过程的改变和经济结构的变化,进而影响区域可持续发展。本文以1997年～2007年鄱阳湖区居民的经济收入结构和三产结构的变化为依据,对鄱阳湖生态脆弱区土地利用功能变化后,核心利益相关者的受偿意愿与经济补偿问题进行了深入的分析和探讨。围绕生态环境保育政策的实施,对1997年～2000年,2000年～2005年两个不同阶段的土地利用格局变化进行了对比分析。结果表明,土地利用的改变对鄱阳湖地区土地利用功能产生影响,而土地利用功能变化不仅从宏观上影响鄱阳湖区的产业结构,而且从微观上影响鄱阳湖区农民的经济收入结构和数量,从而影响了该地区的经济可持续性。研究证实了生态补偿是鄱阳湖生态脆弱区土地利用功能变化后农民经济可持续性保障的重要政策选择。对此作了进一步研究:首先运用利益相关者分析方法界定出核心利益相关者、次核心利益相关者和边缘利益相关者;其次,分析"退田还湖"政策实施后农户的受偿意愿以及地方政府的生态补偿分担率,选取鄱阳湖区其中3个县作为典型区域,调查农户对土地利用变化后经济损失的受偿意愿,结果显示每户农民的受偿意愿在(13762～15525)元/hm2之间,整个鄱阳湖区域农民受偿意愿在(57.0～64.5)×108元之间;3个行政区(南昌、九江和上饶)的生态补偿分担率依次为73.0%、17.3%、9.7%。此项研究对该区域经济可持续发展有一定意义,同时可为同类型其他地区的生态环境管理提供决策参考依据。This paper provides an insight into land use functional change, economic compensation for sustainable development in an ecological vulnerable region of China. Poyang Lake region of Jiangxi Province is selected for the study. Environmental protection policy for wetland restoration is one of the prioritized driving forces causing land use functions to change in the region. Data from statistics and household survey and relevant documents were collected and the logistic curve , Engel＇ s co-efficiency, willingness to pay and willingness to accept, benefit efficiency, and payment rate of the governmental organizations for eco-compensation were applied in our data analysis. By comparing land use types between two periods （1997-2000 and 2000-2005） , and analyzing the income structure of farmers and industrial structure from 1997 to 2007, the result shows that land use functional change affects the income of farmers at micro-level and influence on industrial structure at macro-level, leading to unsustained economic development of the region. It is found that ecological compensation mechanism is a good way to resolve the above problems. Firstly, the research classifies stakeholders into 3 categories from 3 dimensions （voluntary, importance and urgency） based on the results of expert scoring, namely： core stakeholders including local government, farmer, research institute, enterprises; dormant stakeholders including research institutes, NGOs of environmental protection, community; and marginal stakeholders including public and media sectors. Secondly, it goes deep into analyzing the two core stakeholders： local government from 3 representative cities （counties） and farmers. The results show that farmers living in the area are very much concerned about their economic condition, their willingness to accept for wetland conservation is between RMB 13 762-15 525 RMB per hectare （the landuse area per household is 0.225hm^2） per year and the total willingness to pay is between RMB 5.7-6.5 billion RMB per year

关 键 词：土地利用功能 利益相关者 生态脆弱区 受偿意愿 生态补偿 鄙阳湖区 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] F224