莳菜四倍体的特征及田间耐热性  

FEATURES AND HEAT-RESISTANCE OF SHICAI (Brassica campestris) TETRAPLOIDS

作　　者：张建军[1] 殷丽青[1] 张伟萍[1] 顾金炎[1] 张智奇[1] 范昆华[1] 陈全庆[1] 钟维瑾[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》1998年第2期35-40,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：海市科委科技发展基金

摘　　要：大于叶、大花瓣、深叶色、叶片长／宽值小、结实率低、种子千粒重高是四倍体莳菜的显著特征。四倍体莳菜的叶绿素含量，最低为二倍体的1．2倍，最高达2．0倍。其作直播菜栽培时，氨基酸总量比二倍体高9．35％，其中，12种氨基酸的平均值高于对照，4种低于对照，有5种氨基酸在所有被测的多倍体株系中均高于对照。夏季田间筛选结果表明，耐热株系约占被筛选的四倍体株系的25．0％，这些株系在夏季高温条件下长势明显优于对照。用它们作鸡毛菜栽培，平均产量相当于二倍体对照的107．5％；作直播菜栽培，单株平均鲜重相当于对照的146．0％；作移栽菜栽培为132．0％。而四倍体的绿叶数比对照少约16．1％。故植株巨型性是耐热四倍体增产的主要因素。不同的四倍体株系在性状上有一些差异，但株系内具有相对的遗传稳定性。Big cotyledon,wide petal,deep leaf color,small leaf length/leaf width value,low seed-setting rate and high 1 000-grain weight are the significant features of 48 tested Shicai (Brassica campestris)tetraploid lines. The lowest and highest chlorophyll contents in theselines are 1. 2 and 2 times as high as those of the diploid CK,respectively. As compared to theCK, these tetraploid lines show an higher average value for the total amino acid content(9. 35% higher), higher average values for 12 of the total 16 amino acids, higher individualvalues for 5 of the 12 amino acids and lower average values for 4 other amino acids. About25% of these tetraploid lines are possessed of heat resistance. The growth potential is betterfor the heat-resistant lines than for the CK in summer,the average outputs of these lines in 3treatments by dense sowing for use as pakchoi seedlings, direct seeding or transplant are107. 51 %, 141. 00% or 132. 00% of the average outputs of the CK,respectively, The leavesof the heat-resistant lines were fewer than those of the CK,so the giantism was the main factor of high yield for these lines. There are some genetic diversity among different tetraploidlines and a relative genetic stability within any tetraploid line.

关 键 词：莳菜 四倍体 株系 耐热性 性状 

分 类 号：S636.903.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]