准葛尔盆地南缘不同土壤质地棉田膜下滴灌盐分运移规律研究  

Salt Transfer for Plastic Sheet Coverd Cotton Field Using Drip Irrigation at Different Soil Texture in the North Edge of Dzungarian Basin

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 李鲁华[1,2] 刘建国[1] 孙肇君[1,2] 张小伟[3] 杨忠平[4] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院农学系耕作教研室,石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农六师农科所,五家渠831300 [4]新疆生产建设兵团农六师新湖农场,五家渠831300

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第2期52-56,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"准葛尔盆地南缘荒漠化生态系统恢复与重建技术集成示范"(2007BAC17806);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动资金专项项目(RCZX200611);国家自然科学基金项目"膜下滴灌条件下棉花施肥模型与推荐决策支持系统建立研究"(30760104);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划"棉花持续优质高效生产技术体系研究与示范"子课题"棉花水肥高效利用调控管理技术研究"项目(2006BAD21B02-2);新疆兵团重大科技专项"精准农业与信息技术应用与示范"项目(2007ZX03);石河子大学"263"青年骨干教师资助计划

摘　　要：为详细分析准葛尔盆地南缘不同土壤质地棉田膜下滴灌盐分的运移规律,主要从不同生育阶段、滴灌年限、水平方向、垂直方向不同土层、总盐含量与产量的线性关系等5个方面对膜下滴灌盐分的运移进行了分析比对,初步得出:随着生育期的推后,各土层含盐量都有不同程度的加大;垂直方向盐分的积累在0-60 cm土层逐渐增加,60-100 cm土层盐分积累受膜下滴灌影响较小;水平方向背行(露地部分)中央土层处盐分积累最多,滴头处盐分积累最少;不同滴灌年限中滴灌年限越长,棉田中的盐分积累就越多,壤土和砂土中的盐分分布较粘土中的呈更规律的变化;分析认为定期大水漫灌洗盐、做好春复水工作,以及恢复排碱渠功能是土壤脱盐的必要手段。该研究可以为准葛尔盆地南缘不同土壤质地棉田土壤次生盐渍化防治提供理论依据。Salt transfer law under the condition of drip irrigation were analysed in five aspects, i.e. different postemergences, drip period, linear relation of soil salinity and yield, vertical direction and horizontal direction. The results showed that with the retardation of postemergences, the salt content in different soil layers were increased in different extent;the accumulation of salt in vertical direction was increased at the depth of 0--60 cm, but the one at the depth of 60--100 cm was little;the accumulation of salt in horizontal direction at the center of open ground was the most than other position and the one under the drop point is least, the more the drip time, the more the accumulation of salt in cotton field. As for different soil texture, the variation of accumulation of salt in loam and sandy clay has more regularity than that in the clay;It was believed that there are three ways for desalination, viz. using flood irrigation to flush salt periodically, the irrigation in spring and resuming alkali-drainage-channel.

关 键 词：准葛尔盆地南缘 土壤质地 膜下滴灌 盐分运移 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学] S155.44[农业科学—农业基础科学]