长期不同施肥处理对土壤活性氮库的影响  

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Reactive Nitrogen Pool

作　　者：高强[1] 唐艳凌[1] 巨晓棠[2] 赵明宪[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第2期95-98,114,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：农业部“948”重大国际合作项目“养分资源综合管理技术的引进与中国技术体系的建立和应用(2003-Z53)”部分研究

摘　　要：通过长期肥料定位试验,对不同施肥处理下草甸黑土活性氮库中几种重要组分含量变化及其相互之间的比例关系进行研究。结果表明,氮肥施用能够增加土壤中无机氮含量,以土壤剖面中硝态氮含量变化为例,除NPK配施处理外,其它施氮处理在180-200 cm土层硝态氮含量均显著增加,N,P,K配施减少了土壤剖面中硝态氮累积。土壤表层微生物态氮和固定态铵含量的变化不仅取决于氮素的投入量,还与其它因素有关,长期单纯施用氮肥土壤微生物氮含量并没有增高,而N,P配施的处理,土壤微生物氮含量较高。施用氮肥抑制了土壤中可矿化氮的含量,促进氮的矿化释放,增加了活性氮库中其它组分的含量;不同施肥处理表层土壤氮素矿化速率从高到低的顺序是:CK>P>K>PK>NP>NPK>NK>N,不同施肥处理对硝化速率的影响大小按P>CK>K>PK>NP>NPK>N>NK顺序排列。Through the long-term fertilizer location experiment, effect of different fertilizer applications on the contents and proportions of main components in reactive nitrogen pool of meadow black soil were investigated. The results showed that nitrogen application could improve inorganic nitrogen content, the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil profile from 180 cm to 200 cm layer increased significantly, except for the treatment of combined application of NPK. The content of soil microbial nitrogen and fixed ammonium in upper soil layer depend on nitrogen applied rate and other factors. Single application nitrogen fertilizer had no favor to improve soil microbial nitrogen content, the combined application of NP improved microbial nitrogen content. Application of nitrogen inhibited mineralizable nitrogen content, promoted nitrogen mineralization and release, improved the contents of other components in reactive nitrogen pool. The order of nitrogen mineralize rate in upper soil layer was CK〉P〉K〉PK〉NP〉NPK〉NK〉N, and the effect of different treatments on nitrification rate was P〉CK〉K〉PK〉NP〉NPK〉N〉NK.

关 键 词：长期施肥 活性氮库 硝态氮 固定态铵 可矿化氮 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]