栽培和施肥模式对黄土区旱地土壤微生物量及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation and Fertilization Models on Soil Microbial Biomass and Soluble Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Dryland Farming

作　　者：梁斌[1] 周建斌[1,2] 杨学云[1] 艾娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第2期132-137,142,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40571087,40773057,30370288);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金(10501-160)

摘　　要：以黄土高原南部地区的两个定位试验为基础,研究了旱地不同栽培和施肥模式对土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖显著提高土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)含量,地膜覆盖使SMBN含量显著降低;秸秆和地膜覆盖显著降低小麦拔节期和灌浆期土壤可溶性有机氮(SON)含量。适量施用化学氮肥(120kg/hm2)有利于小麦生长后期SMBN含量的升高,而过量施用(240 kg/hm2)显著降低SMBN含量。与不施肥处理相比,土地经长期撂荒后0-10 cm土层SMBC,SMBN,SOC和SON含量显著提高;氮磷钾配施有机肥显著提高小麦各生育期0-10,10-20 cm土层SMBC,SMBN,SOC和SON的含量;单施氮磷钾肥对土壤SMBC,SMBN含量无明显影响,提高土壤SOC,SON的平均含量。土壤SMBC,SMBN,SOC和SON含量两两之间呈极显著正相关关系,四者含量与土壤有机碳、全氮含量间的正相关关系也达显著或极显著水平。Two filed experiments located at the south edges of the Loess Plateau were used to study the effects of different cultivation and fertilization models on contents of SMBC, SMBN, SOC and SON in soils. The results showed that straw mulching increased the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen significantly; plastic mulching decreased the content of SMBN. Both straw mulching and plastic mulching reduced the content of SON during wheat growth stage. Appropriate application rate of N fertilizer （120 kg/hm^2） was favorable to increasing the content of SMBN in the late state of wheat growth, however, high application rate of N fertilizer （240 kg/hm^2） decreased the content of SMBN significantly. Compared with the treatment without addition of fertilizers, the fallow treatment increased the contents of SMBC, SMBN, SOC and SON in the 0--10 cm soil layer, but not in the 10--20 cm soil layer. The application of organic manure with N, P , K fertilizers significantly increased the contents of SMBC, SMBN, SOC and SON in the 0--10, 10--20 cm soil layers. Single chemical fertilizer applications had minimal impact on the contents of SMBC and SMBN, but increased the average contents of SOC and SON. The contents of SMBC, SMBN, SOC and SON in soils were positively correlated with each other and the total organic carbon and nitrogen contents in soils.

关 键 词：旱地 栽培模式 施肥模式 撂荒 微生物量碳、氮 可溶性有机碳、氮 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S157[农业科学—农业基础科学]