塔里木盆地蜱类生态位的研究  

Niche Study on Ticks in The Tarim Basin

作　　者：阿布力克木.阿布都热西提 戴翔[1] 热孜万.阿不力孜 艾泽孜.穆罕莫德 梁新海[1] 刘鸿斌[1] 李冰[1] 雷刚[1] 阿不力米提.买托合提 蒋卫[1] 张渝疆[1] 于心[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《地方病通报》2009年第2期1-3,共3页Endemic Diseases Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2003BA712A08-03);国家自然科学基金(30860255);中国科学院知识创新项目(KSCX2-YW-N-065)

摘　　要：目的掌握塔里木盆地蜱类生态位宽度和生态位重叠,从蜱类生态学角度探讨该地区蜱类在蜱媒自然疫源性疾病上的作用。方法在该地区蜱类群落聚类分类基础上,采用hannon-Wiener的生态位宽度指数公式和Pianka(1973)的生态位重叠公式,计算各蜱类的生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数。结果亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和亚东璃眼蜱的生态位宽度最大,分别为0.5257和0.468,其次为图兰扇头蜱和银钝革蜱(0.379和0.299),血红扇头蜱最小(0);图兰扇头蜱、银钝革蜱和血红扇头蜱三者相互之间的生态位重叠值最高均在0.9以上,2种璃眼蜱间的重叠值次之,为0.3479。亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种与银钝革蜱、亚东璃眼蜱与图兰扇头蜱之间生态位重叠值分别为0.2387和0.1617。亚东璃眼蜱与血红扇头蜱和银钝革蜱,以及亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和2种扇头蜱之间的生态位重叠值都在0.1以下。结论亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和亚东璃眼蜱在塔里木盆地蜱类群落中占有十分重要的地位,并存在栖息地分布上的分离。Objective To grasp the niche breadth and overlap of ticks in the Tarim Basin, to research the effect of ticks in the area on tick - borne natural focal diseases from the view of tick ecology. Methods On the basis of cluster analysis of tick community in the area, the niche breadth index formula of hannon - Wiener and niche overlap formula of Pianka （ 1973 ） were taken to calculate the niche breadth and niche overlap index of ticks. Results The niche breadth of Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and Hyalomma asiaticum ko- zlovi was the biggest as 0. 525 7 and 0. 468, respectively, the next were Rhipicephalus turanicus （ 0. 379 ） and Dermacentor niveus （ 0. 299 ） with the least of Rhipicephalus sanguineus （ 0 ）. The biggest niche overlap was among Rhipicephalus turanicus, Dermacentor niveus and Rhipicephalus sanguinetts over 0.9, the next was 0. 347 9 between two species of Hyalomma. The niche overlap values were 0.238 7 between Hyalomma asiaticure asiaticum and Dermacentor niveus, 0. 161 7 between Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi and Rhipicephalus turanicus. The niche overlap value was less than 0.1 among Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and two species of Rhipicephalus. Conclusions Hyalomrrta asiaticum asiaticum and Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi are very important for ticks in the Tarim Basin, with the separation of habitat distribution.

关 键 词：蜱类 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 塔里木盆地 新疆 

分 类 号：R384.4[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] R181.81[医药卫生—基础医学]