下辽河平原不同磷肥用量对作物产量及潜在养分的影响  

Effects of different phosphorous fertilization rate on crop yield and soil phosphorous potential fertility at lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain

作　　者：宇万太[1] 朱先进[1,2] 周桦[1] 马强[1] 姜子绍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第5期864-871,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院创新项目(KZCX2-YW-407和KZCX2-YW-405);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD05B05);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40701067)

摘　　要：通过6年的定位试验,对下辽河平原不同磷肥用量条件下,土壤养分库的建立及磷肥的肥料效应、土壤磷的自然释放速率等进行了研究。结果表明:磷肥可以提高作物的产量,且对大豆的增产幅度大于玉米,但磷肥年用量超过25kg·hm-2时,增产效果不明显;磷肥也可以提高作物的养分移出量,但养分移出量增加的比例大于作物产量增加的比例;磷肥利用率随着磷肥用量的增加而减小,当磷肥年用量为25kg·hm-2时,磷肥利用率约为30%,但残留磷肥转化为有效磷的比例随着磷肥用量的增加而增大;磷肥施入土壤后,残留磷肥转化为迟效磷的比例高达80%,且残留磷肥转化为迟效磷的量随着磷肥用量的增加而增加,这对于构建土壤磷库有重要意义。A six years field experiment was conducted at the lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain to study the effects of different application rate of phosphorous （P） fertilizer on the use efficiency of applied fertilizer P, establishment of soil P pool, and the release rate of soil P. The results showed that P fertilization increased crop yield, and the yield increment of soybean was greater than that of maize. However, when the P application rate exceeded 25 kg · hm^-2 per year, the yield-increasing effect was not significant. Phosphorous fertilization also increased the P uptake by crops, and the increment was higher than yield increment. When the P application rate was 25 kg · hm^-2 per year, the fertilizer P use efficiency was about 30%. With the increase of P application rate, the use efficiency of fertilizer P decreased, but the proportion of soil available P transformed from residual fertilizer P increased. After the P fertilization, the transformation rate of residual fertilizer P into soil less-available P reached as high as 80% , and the proportion of the transformed soil less-available P increased with increasing P application rate, which was of significance in the establishment of soil P pool.

关 键 词：磷肥利用率 养分收支 磷肥效应 玉米 大豆 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]