钾离子稳定井壁机理的研讨  

Study on hole stabilization mechanism, the function of patassium ions

作　　者：徐同台[1] 陈其正 范维庆[3] 陈文秀 席栋鑫 

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气总公司勘探局 [2]青海石油管理局 [3]胜利石油管理局 [4]华北石油管理局

出　　处：《钻井液与完井液》1998年第3期3-8,共6页Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid

摘　　要：研究了钾离子抑制膨润土和泥页岩水化膨胀的作用机理。钾离子能否进入泥页岩中蒙皂石或伊蒙间层中蒙皂石的硅氧四面体六角环中被固定,主要取决于蒙皂石的组构特征。蒙皂石族典型矿物为蒙脱石、贝得石、绿脱石和皂石,贝得石和皂石的层电荷为四面体电荷,负电荷离钾离子近,对钾离子的静电引力大,钾离子易进入六方晶格被固定。蒙脱石层电荷为八面体电荷,负电荷离钾离子较远,但由伊利石蚀变而成的蒙脱石,由于电荷高,钾离子易被固定,而由火山岩系蚀变而成的蒙脱石,由于电荷低,钾离子很难被固定,仅能成为蒙脱石上的可交换阳离子。此外影响钾离子固定量的因素还包括水溶液中钾离子的浓度及其它盐离子的种类与浓度、地层温度和浸泡时间。钾离子抑制泥页岩永化膨胀的作用机理与泥页岩中所含的矿物组分有关,抑制主要含蒙脱石的膨润土水化膨胀的作用机理与可交换阳离子的种类及浓度有关。The inhibition mechanism of patassium ions to ben-tonite and shale is studied. The paper points out that the amount of patassium ions invading into the shale mainly depends on the structure characteristics of smectite, other factors include ionic concentration of patassium in water solution, concentration and type of other ions, as well as formation temperature and exposing time of fluid to the formation. It could be concluded that the inhibition mechanism to shale is related to the mineral composition in shale, as for bentonite, it is related to the type and concentration of exchangable cations.

关 键 词：钾离子 油气井 井壁稳定 钻井 防塌 

分 类 号：TE28[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]