鬼鲉早期发育阶段的摄食节律与饥饿致死时间  

Feeding rhythm and tolerance of starvation during early development stage of devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus

作　　者：陈慧 谢友佺 林国文 林小金 陈武 王兴春 

机构地区：[1]福建省闽东水产研究所,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2009年第3期340-347,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：福建省科技厅资助项目(2006T0018);福建省海洋与渔业局重点资助项目(闽海渔[2007]015号).

摘　　要：采用实验生态学方法研究鬼鲉(Inimicus japonicus)早期发育阶段的摄食特性和仔鱼饥饿致死时间。结果表明,仔鱼和营游泳生活的稚鱼摄食高峰出现在白天,并以白天摄食为主,6日龄仔鱼、17日龄营游泳生活稚鱼的摄食率高峰为10∶00和14∶00。随着生活习性的转变,其摄食节律也发生明显变化,稚鱼和幼鱼在营底栖生活方式的阶段,以夜间摄食为主,另一摄食小高峰出现在早晨。进入底栖生活阶段的29日龄稚鱼、40日龄幼鱼的摄食高峰为22∶00和6∶00。鬼鲉仔、稚、幼鱼各阶段的日摄食率分别为:6日龄仔鱼69.7%,17日龄稚鱼57.7%,29日龄稚鱼42.3%,40日龄幼鱼17.7%。在饥饿条件下鬼鲉初孵仔鱼、1、3、5、8和10日龄仔鱼的全部死亡时间分别为192h、216h、168h、80h、178h和264h,半数死亡时间分别为144h、120h、120h、60h、108h和144h,说明5日龄仔鱼是鬼鲉早期发育中最为敏感的阶段。饥饿仔鱼呈现头大、体短、身瘦、体色发白等形态特征,行为上表现为游动缓慢,反应迟钝和静卧底部。长期饥饿后仔鱼脑后部下陷明显,其形态特征可作为判断仔鱼饥饿致死的重要指标。The devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus, a valuable marine lumpfish distributed in China, Korea and Japan, has been successfully cultured by artificial breeding for mass propagation. In this study, the feeding rhythm and lethal time during starvation of devil stinger were investigated by experimental ecology approach. It has been clearly demonstrated that larvae and juvenile fish taking plantonic life style have two peaks of feeding intensity in the daytime. The feeding intensity at age of 6 days post hatching were the highest at 10∶00 a.m and 14∶00 p.m, respectively, and the same feeding rhythm occured in 17-day-old juvenile fish. With living habit changing from plantonic style to benthonic style, the juvenile and young fish ingested food relatively actively at night and the feeding rhythm showed an obvious change. It was found that the juvenile at 29 days old reached double feeding peaks at 22∶00 p.m. and 6∶00 a.m., respectively, while young fish of 40 days old also showed the same feeding rhythm. The feeding incidence amount tested was 69.7%, 57.7%, 42.3% and 17.7 % for 6-day-old larvae, 17-day-old juvenile, 29-day-old juvenile and 40-day-old young fish respectively. The survival rate of larvae varied with the development stages that 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 8 d and 10 d after hatching,the larvae were all dead after 192 h, 216 h, 168 h, 80 h, 178 h and 264 h of starvation,respectively. Under the same condition, half lethal time of the larvae were 144 h, 120 h, 120 h, 60 h, 108 h and 144 h of starvation respectively, which indicated that the larvae of 5 days after hatching was the most sensitive stage to starvation in the process of food transformation in the early life stage. After starvation, larvae became shorter and thinner, with larger head, pale body, while its responses and actions became slow,always resting at the bottom. The posterior part of brain sunk obviously after a long time of starvation,all of which could be regarded as an important index of lethal time.

关 键 词：鬼鲉 早期发育 摄食节律 饥饿致死 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]