2008年初全国雨雪冰冻天气的OLR资料分析  

Analysis of Satellite OLR Data for the Extremely Icy Rain and Snow Weather Events in China During January-February 2008

作　　者：吴晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2009年第4期87-93,共7页Meteorological Monthly

摘　　要：2008年1月至2月初,中国发生大范围长时间的雨雪冰冻天气气候事件,用NOAA-18气象卫星的OLR资料,对这一极端天气气候事件做了OLR资料特征分析。统计得出这一时段内OLR候距平与候降水量的关系式:Y=A+B×OLRJP,在江南、华南地区其相关系数为0.60525;计算了中国区域及其主要气象台站1989—2008年的月OLR标准差,得出中国区域月OLR标准差1989—2008年段明显高于1989—2000年段,表明近年来极端气候事件增多;从OLR候、旬等值线图和距平图分析得出:卫星OLR资料的等值线图,特别是距平等值线图,能较好地反映降水天气事件,尤其是长时间降水的极端天气气候事件,在日平均OLR等值线图上,OLR值低表明云系越高,降水越强;在候、旬平均OLR等值线图上,OLR越低表明降水云持续的时间长;而候、旬OLR距平的大小则揭示了观测地区的旱涝程度,候、旬OLR负距平越低表示超过常年同期的降水强度越强和持续的时间越长。From middle January to the beginning of February in 2008, the extremely icy rain and snow weather processes occurred in most areas of South China. Using the NOAA-18 OLR data in National Satellite Meteorological Center, the extremely icy rain and snow processes in the beginning of 2008 is tried to analyzed. The results show that the relationship between five-day OLR anomaly and five-day precipitating amount is as follows： Y=A＋B×OLRJP. The correlation coefficient of the equation is 0.60525 in South China. The standard deviation of monthly OLR in China during 1989-2008 is higher than the standard deviation during 1989-2000, which indicates the increasing of the extremely weather events in recent years; The location and intensity of the abnormal precipitation processes are well reflected by the OLR isogram and OLR anomaly isogram. On daily OLR isogram, the lower the OLR is, the higher the cloud is, and the more intense precipitation is. On five and ten-day average OLR isogram, the lower the OLR value is, the longer the sustained time of clouds is. On five and ten-day anomalous OLR isogram, the lower the anomaly is, the stronger the precipitation processes are and the longer the sustained time of the processes are. Finally it is noted that the precipitation process produced by stratus clouds with inverse temperature is not well reflected by OLR data. This is because that the temperature of the stratus cloud is nearly the same as surface, OLR value of the clouds is high and anomaly of OLR is not negative. It is a disadvantage of application of OLR to analyzing disastrous precipitation weather process.

关 键 词：OLR 标准差 等值线图 距平等值线图 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P457.6