电动汽车回馈制动与防抱死制动集成控制  

Braking control of electric vehicles while coordinating regenerative and anti-lock brakes

作　　者：周磊[1] 罗禹贡[1] 李克强[1] 连小珉[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第5期728-732,共5页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术项目(2006AA11A108)

摘　　要：为提高电动汽车制动能量回馈效率,同时保证车辆的制动稳定性,提出了集成能量回馈优化与防抱死控制的分层控制方法。控制系统首先根据驾驶员的制动操作意图以及实时识别的路面状况,依据理想制动力分配曲线在前后轮间进行滑移率分配,然后用滑动变结构控制对前后轮滑移率进行控制,并使用模糊调节器动态调节控制参数以减少滑模控制产生的抖振。仿真结果表明,在新欧洲驾驶循环工况下所提控制策略较并联制动控制多回馈约80%的能量,并可利用电机的快速响应特性对车轮进行精确的防抱死控制,在确保制动性能的同时兼顾回收能量和减少制动片磨损。A three layer braking controller based on slip distribution was developed to optimize the efficiency of regenerative braking while maintaining vehicle stability. Based on the required deceleration, road friction and vehicle electric system status, the controller distributes the wheel slip ratios between the front and rear axles. The regenerative and friction torques are coordinated to tracked the reference slip of front wheels. A fuzzy parameter adapter was developed to reduce the chattering of sliding control by changing the sliding gains dynamically. Simulations show that the kinetic energy recovered in New European Driving Cycle is increased by about 80% compared with parallel brake control. During fast decelerations the regenerative and the friction brakes are coordinated to keep the wheel slip ratios at the optimal slip. The regenerative brake torque not only improves vehicle efficiency but also enhances slip control and reduces wear on the fiction plate.

关 键 词：电动汽车 制动能量回馈 防抱死控制 滑动变结构控制 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]