壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及其表面性质的研究  

Synthesis and Surface Activity Properties of Cationic Surfactants of Gemini Nonylphenol Polyoxyethylene Quaternary Ammonium Chloride

作　　者：杨芳[1] 黎钢[1] 刘荣[1] 张彬[1] 刘洋[1] 王中旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130

出　　处：《化学学报》2009年第8期723-728,共6页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金(No.B2006000019)资助项目

摘　　要：合成了系列壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂(GNPQA),用核磁、红外和元素分析对它们的结构进行了表征,考察了反应条件对转化率的影响,并用表面张力法和稳态荧光探针法对GNPQA的表面性能及胶束聚集数(N)进行了研究.结果表明,较优的反应条件:反应时间为12h,反应温度为70℃,反应原料摩尔比为n(双聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=1∶1∶1;GNPQA的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值较相应的单体壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型季铵盐表面活性剂(NPQA)降低了1～2个数量级,显示了较高的表面活性;当GNPQA溶液浓度为5～9倍CMC时,N值随浓度增大而线性增大;随着氧乙烯(EO)单元数的增长,GNPQA的CMC和N值均逐渐减小;结合GNPQA的表面性能参数和N值的变化规律,探讨了这类表面活性剂表面及胶束聚集体的结构形态.A series of cationic surfactants of gemini nonylphenol polyoxyethylene quaternary ammonium chloride （GNPQA） were synthesized and structurally confirmed by 1H NNR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The influences of reaction conditions on conversion ratio have been investigated, and the optimal conditions were obtained as follows： the reaction time was 12 h, the reaction temperature was 70 ℃, n（GNP） ： n（TEA） ： n（EPI）= 1 ： 1 ： 1 （molar ratio）. Surface activity properties and micelle aggregation numbers （N） of the GNPQA were determined by a surface tension method and a steady-state fluorescence probe method. The experimental results showed that critical micelle concentration （CMC） of the GNPQA was 1 -2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of cationic surfactant of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene quaternary ammonium chloride （NPQA）, which has exhibited predominant surface activity of the GNPQA. The N value increased linearly with the increase of the GNPQA concentration in the range of 5-9 times of CMC; CMC and N of the GNPQA decreased with increasing the oxyethylene （EO） unit amount. The micropolarities of surface activities and micelle aggregates of the GNPQA were inferred by the change of surface properties and N values.

关 键 词：壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂 临界胶束浓度 荧光探针 胶束聚集数 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程] TQ423.12