中国更新世猩猩类牙齿化石的测量研究及其分类学意义  

A Comparative Study on the Tooth Crown Size of Pleistocene Fossil Orangutan from South China and its Taxonomic Implication

作　　者：王翠斌[1,2,3] 赵凌霞[2,3] 金昌柱[2] 胡耀武[1,3] 王昌燧[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院人文学院科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [3]中国科学院人类演化与科技考古联合实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《人类学学报》2009年第2期192-200,共9页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB806400);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-106和KJCX.SYW.N12)

摘　　要：近些年,我国华南地区不断有猩猩类牙齿化石的发现,这些材料对于研究东亚地区大型类人猿的演化、灭绝及其环境变迁具有重要意义。本文基于猩猩类牙齿化石的测量和统计分析,结合形态学研究,尝试探讨它们的分类学意义及演化趋势等。经过分析比较得出以下认识:我国更新世猩猩与印尼的亚化石猩猩和现生猩猩在颊侧牙齿大小上存在显著性差异,依次呈减小趋势。在形态特征方面,亦存在一些明显差别。据此认为我国更新世猩猩建立魏氏亚种(Pongo pygmaeus weidenreichi)的观点是合理的。A great number of Pleistocene fossil orangutan teeth have been discovered in south China in recent decades. These materials will play an important role in understanding the large-hominoid evolution and environmental change in eastern Asia. In present paper, total 192 postcanine teeth of Pleistocene fossil orangutan from at least 17 localities of south China are measured for tooth crown size （MD × LB） and compared with the data of Holoeene subfossil and extant orangutan from Indonesia by Hooijer＇s（1948）. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in postcanine tooth crown sizes, mainly in premolars and first two molars between three groups. The Pleistocene orangutan teeth from south China are significantly bigger than that of the extant orangutan, and also somehow bigger than that of those Holocene subfossil orangutan from Indonesia. The results indicate it is acceptable that the Pleistocene fossil orangutan in south China is assigned to one subspecies, Pongo pygmaeus weidenreich （ Hooijer, 1948） .

关 键 词：化石猩猩 牙齿测量 齿冠面积 中国华南地区 魏氏亚种 

分 类 号：Q981.3[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]