设施栽培对土壤化学性质及微生物区系的影响  

Influence of Greenhouse Cultivation on Soil Chemical Properties and Microbial Community

作　　者：董艳[1] 董坤[2] 鲁耀[1,3] 赵平[1] 汤利[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第3期418-424,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省教育厅资助项目(A003026);"973"计划前期研究专项资助项目(2008CB117011);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30860157)

摘　　要：对昆明郊区蔬菜、花卉主产县典型大棚土壤进行取样，研究不同种植年限对设施土壤养分状况和土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明，土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随大棚种植年限的增加而逐渐增加；随大棚种植年限的增加，土壤盐分、有机质含量呈先增加后降低再升高的趋势，其中以种植6年左右的大棚土壤盐分、有机质含量最高；土壤pH则是随着种植年限的增加缓慢降低。由田间栽培改为设施栽培后增加了土壤微生物数量，随大棚种植年限的增加，土壤细菌、放线菌、微生物总数和B／F比值先增加后降低，真菌数量持续增加而微生物多样性指数和均匀度指数持续降低。研究结果表明由田间栽培改为大棚蔬菜保护地后，设施栽培初期，土壤生态环境较好，种植6～8年以后，土壤盐分累积、养分富集和土壤酸化严重，导致土壤微生物区系失调，微生物多样性和均匀度显著下降，土壤质量的稳定性和可持续利用性大大降低。The study was conducted to investigate the chemical properties and microbial community in greenhouse soil with different cultivation years in Kunming suburbs. The results showed that the con- tent of available N, P, K increased and soil pH value decreased with the cultivation year increasing. The content of total salt and soil organic matter were increased first, decreased then, and increased a- gain with the cultivation year increasing and reached the maximum value after 6-year cultivation. Soil microbe number in greenhouse soil was higher than that in open field soil. The amount of bacteria, actinomyees, total microbe and B/F in greenhouse soil increased firstly, and then decreased with the cultivation years increasing. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Shannon evenness index decreased and fungi number increased with the cultivation years. These results indicated that at the early year of alternating open field cultivation into greenhouse cultivation, soil ecological environ- ment quality was high. After 6 - 8 years planting, deterioration of soil chemical characters such as soil salt content, available N, P, K content and pH value adversely affected the soil microbial flora imbal- ance and resulted in microbial diversity, evenness dropping significantly, the great decline of long-term productivity of soil, and the stability and sustainability of soil quality decreasing.

关 键 词：种植年限 土壤化学性质土壤微生物区系 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]