刺参育苗系统中的敌害生物--玻璃海鞘的药物杀除试验  

Lethal effect of ten chemicals to sea squirt Ciona intestinalis in sea cucumber hatchery

作　　者：周书珩[1,2] 王印庚[1] 李胜忠[2] 荣小军[1] 李娟[1] 陈霞 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]青岛九洋红水产科技有限公司,266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2009年第2期14-19,共6页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划项目(2004GG2205116);青岛科技发展计划项目(02-1-kchhh-44);农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-05-04B)共同资助

摘　　要：10种渔药对玻璃海鞘Ciona intestinalis的急性毒性试验结果表明,硫酸锌(≤3mg/L)、碳酸氢钠(≤2.5%)、茶皂素(≤6.7ml/L)、氯氰菊酯(≤0.2ml/L)、精制敌百虫粉(≤4mg/L)、敌百虫.辛硫磷粉(≤3mg/L)和高锰酸钾(≤5mg/L)对玻璃海鞘无致死作用。在24h内,硫酸铜浓度≥1mg/L、灭鞘灵(MQL)浓度≥5mg/L和自制大蒜素复方药物灭鞘散(MQS)≥15mg/L时,对玻璃海鞘有100%的致死作用,其24h的LC50值分别为0.58、3.33和10.80mg/L。硫酸铜浓度≥1mg/L时,稚参在3h内吐肠率达80%以上,对刺参能造成严重的生理伤害。因此,硫酸铜不适合在生产实践中使用。MQS浓度为20mg/L或MQL浓度为10mg/L对稚参的毒性实验表明,药物浸泡稚参96h仍活动正常,对生存没有任何影响。因此,MQS和MQL可视为刺参养殖系统中杀灭玻璃海鞘的有效药物,分别采用15mg/L和5mg/L的浓度,药浴24h后换水即可完成。Acute toxicity of ten chemicals to sea squirt Ciona intestinalis was tested. Seven of the ten drugs showed no lethal effect on C. intestinalis. These drugs were zinc sulfate （4 3 mg/L）, sodium bicarbonate （42.5%）, tea saponin （46.7 ml/L）, cypermethrin （40.2 ml/L）, trichlorfon refined flour （≤4mg/L）, trichlorfon and phoxim mixture （≤3 mg/L） and potassium permanganate （45 mg/L）. In contrast, copper sulfate （≤1 mg/L）, MQL （≤5 mg/ L） and garlicin mixture （MQS）（915 mg/L） could kill sea squirt in 24 h, and the half lethal concentrations （LC50） of these three chemicals were 0.58 mg/L, 3.33 mg/L and 10.80 mg/L, respectively. At the concentration of 1 mg/L, copper sulfate could induce juvenile Apostichopus japonicus to disgorge their intestines in 3 h. Thus, copper sulfate is not suitable for use in culture practice. In addition, MQL and MQS had no toxin effects to juvenile A. japonicus in 96 h at the concentration of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, MQL and MQS were considered as the effective drugs to kill C. intestinalis in the sea cucumber nursery system, and the dosage of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L for soaking 24 h were recommended in their application. This method is effective to kill C. intestinalis in sea cucumber hatchery.

关 键 词：刺参养殖 玻璃海鞘 敌害生物 毒理 半致死浓度 

分 类 号：S948[农业科学—水产养殖] S968.9[农业科学—水产科学]